Effect of Raising Waste Content on the Mechanical and Thermophysiological Performance of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Surfaces and the Application of Biomimetic Printing

In this study, viscose/polyester blended raising waste generated during the textile raising process was evaluated through a recycling approach, and nonwoven surfaces were produced using the needle-punching method. Samples with three different blend ratios (P30R70 (30% polyester/70% raising waste), P50R50 (50% polyester/50% raising waste), and P70R30 (70% polyester/30% raising waste) and a control sample (P100 (100% polyester)), were prepared under identical needle-punching conditions. Biomimetic digital print designs derived from the porous calcium carbonate skeletal structures of fossilized marine corals, as well as their layered growth patterns and lattice-like organizations, were applied to the produced surfaces. The samples were comparatively evaluated in terms of tensile strength and elongation behavior, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor resistance, and post-printing color fastness. The results indicated that the P50R50 sample exhibited the highest strength and elongation values, while the P70R30 sample provided a favorable balance among permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture transfer. Post-printing fastness values indicated that the biomimetic printing application provided adequate performance for functional use.