The Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Health Outcomes for the Elderly in Puerto Rico

Patient-centered care (PCC) has emerged as a critical healthcare model aimed at improving health outcomes by emphasizing individuals’ preferences, values, and active participation in care decisions. This literature review examines the impact of patient-centered care on health outcomes among the elderly population in Puerto Rico, a rapidly aging demographic facing high rates of chronic illness, multimorbidity, and healthcare disparities. Evidence demonstrates that PCC is associated with improved quality of life, increased patient satisfaction, enhanced treatment adherence, reduced hospital readmission rates, and lower healthcare costs. Special attention is given to the sociocultural context of Puerto Rico, including family involvement, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic determinants of health. Findings support the integration of culturally adapted PCC strategies to promote dignity, autonomy, and shared decision-making. Despite strong evidence, barriers such as limited provider training, time constraints, and system fragmentation persist. This review highlights the need for policy reform, nursing leadership, and evidence-based practice integration to strengthen geriatric care in Puerto Rico.