乡村振兴背景下城乡水务一体化规划的衔接难点与规划路径——以浙江安吉县为例
Challenges and Planning Pathways for the Integration of Urban and Rural Water Management Planning under the Rural Revitalization Strategy—A Case Study of Anji County, Zhejiang Province

城乡水务一体化是乡村振兴战略中基础设施均衡配置的核心支撑，也是破解城乡水务发展失衡、保障农村生态宜居与产业兴旺的关键举措。为探究县域城乡水务一体化规划衔接的核心问题与优化路径，以“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念发源地、国家首批乡村振兴示范县浙江安吉县为典型案例，结合其“七山一水二分田”的地形特征与2019~2024年城乡水务建设实践数据，系统剖析规划衔接中存在的体系分割、要素约束、技术失衡、机制滞后四大核心难点。研究发现，县域城乡水务一体化在规划体系、要素保障、技术管理、制度机制层面存在显著问题：城乡规划层级断裂与产业适配不足形成“两张皮”现象，资金来源单一与土地约束构成要素保障双重瓶颈，技术标准差异与人才短缺导致“城乡鸿沟”，多头管理与价格失衡造成可持续发展困境。针对上述问题，安吉县通过“多规合一”实现规划协同，以“多元投入 + 弹性用地”强化要素保障，依托“标准统一 + 智慧赋能”缩小技术差距，借助“权责集中 + 价格优化”完善制度支撑，最终实现农村自来水普及率从89%提升至99.8%、污水处理率从65%提升至88%的成效。研究表明，县域城乡水务一体化需坚持“规划先行、要素集聚、技术下沉、制度兜底”的发展逻辑，才能有效服务于乡村振兴战略，其经验可为山区平原复合地形县域的城乡水务一体化建设提供参考。
The integration of urban and rural water management is a core support for the balanced allocation of infrastructure in the rural revitalization strategy, and a key measure to address the imbalance in urban and rural water development and ensure ecological livability and industrial prosperity in rural areas. To explore the core issues and optimization pathways for the integration of urban and rural water management planning at the county level, this study takes Anji County, Zhejiang Province, the birthplace of the concept of “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” and one of the first national rural revitalization demonstration counties, as a typical case. Combining its geographical characteristics of “seven mountains, one water, and two parts of cultivated land” and data from its urban and rural water management construction practices from 2019 to 2024, this study systematically analyzes four core challenges in planning integration: system fragmentation, element constraints, technological imbalance, and lagging mechanisms. The study found that county-level urban-rural water management integration faces significant problems in planning systems, resource guarantees, technical management, and institutional mechanisms: the disconnect between urban and rural planning levels and insufficient industrial adaptation create a “two-track” phenomenon; single funding sources and land constraints constitute a dual bottleneck in resource guarantees; differences in technical standards and talent shortages lead to an “urban-rural divide”; and fragmented management and price imbalances result in difficulties for sustainable development. To address these issues, Anji County achieved planning coordination through “multi-plan