Abortions N’Djamena Mother and Child University Hospital Center: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects

Objective: To improve management of the abortion population. Patients and Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim, conducted over a period of 8 months from April to December 2024. All spontaneous or induced abortions managed in NMCUH were included. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic. Data collection was carried out using a pre-established form containing the study variables. We conducted an exhaustive sampling of all women referred for abortion to the gynecological and obstetric emergency department of NMCUH during the study period who met the inclusion criteria. Results: During the study period, we collected 406 cases of abortion out of a total of 3837 patients admitted to the emergency department. Gynecological and obstetric cases in NMCUH gave a frequency of 10.58%. The age group of 21 to 26 years accounted for 34.2% (n = 139). The median age of the patients was 27 years, with extremes of 14 and 40 years. Single patients accounted for 59.1% (n = 240). Metrorrhagia accounted for 74.2% (n = 301). Malaria accounted for 73.6% (n = 299). Gestational age of 7 to 13 weeks of amenorrhea represented 68% (n = 276). Spontaneous abortion was reported in 78% of our patients. Manual intrauterine aspiration accounted for 59.9%. Anemia accounted for 25% (n = 101). Conclusion: Abortion is common in our setting with a significant prevalence. Spontaneous abortion was predominant, and the causes were mainly dominated by malaria. Management included manual vacuum aspiration, antibiotic therapy, and administration of uterotonics. Anemia was the main reported complication. Restrictions on abortion laws mean that many voluntary terminations of pregnancy are treated as spontaneous abortions; therefore, promoting comprehensive abortion care as well as safe abortion within the limits of the law in our setting is necessary.