Coronary artery diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart, often resulting from narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries. These conditions arise from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors, including the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of eNOS gene polymorphism in the occurrence of coronary artery disease in the Beninese population of Cotonou. An unmatched case-control observational analytical study was conducted from June to December 2019. The G894T polymorphism (rs1799983) of the eNOS gene was analyzed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique, following DNA extraction from whole blood samples. Fasting hyperglycemia was observed in 28.9% of cases compared to 2.6% of controls, and Asp298/Asp298 homozygosity was found in 7.89% of cases versus 2.63% of controls. Although the difference was not statistically significant, a trend toward an association with cardiovascular pathology was observed. This study revealed a high frequency of metabolic abnormalities in cases compared to controls and suggests a potential association between Asp298 allele homozygosity of the eNOS gene and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The G894T polymorphism (rs1799983) of the eNOS gene may play a role in reducing nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction.
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