高职院校班团干部“三投六避”培用结合模式构建与实践研究——以陕西铁路工程职业技术学院为例
Construction and Practice Study of the “Three Investments and Six Avoidances” Training-Application Integration Model for Class and League Cadres in Higher Vocational Colleges—A Case Study of Shaanxi Railway Institute

班团干部作为高职院校基层学生组织的核心，是贯通“三全育人”最后一公里的关键执行者与活力激发者。针对高职院校班团干部队伍建设中“重使用轻培养”等现实困境，研究构建并实践了“三投六避”培用结合模式。该模式以系统性培养为基础，强调在时间、精力、情感上实现战略性“投入”；以科学化使用为关键，着力规避亲疏有别、职责模糊等六大误区。通过一学年的实证研究发现，该模式能有效提升班团干部的岗位胜任力(任务完成效率从70%提升至90%)、工作归属感(认同度从65%提升至88%)及团队协作效能(满意度从70%提升至95%)，并带动班级整体学业与实践能力的跃升。研究为高职院校推动学生干部从“事务助手”向“成长伙伴”转型，构建赋能型学生领导力培育体系提供了可行的实践路径。
As the core of grassroots student organizations in higher vocational institutions, class and league cadres play a critical role in implementing the “Three-Wide Education” principle by serving as key executors and motivators in its final stage. In response to practical challenges such as “emphasizing utilization over cultivation” in the development of class and league cadres, this study constructs and implements the “Three Investments and Six Avoidances” model, which integrates cultivation and utilization. Grounded in systematic cultivation, the model emphasizes strategic “investment” in terms of time, energy, and emotion. With scientific utilization as the key, it focuses on avoiding six common pitfalls, including favoritism and ambiguous responsibilities. Through a one-year empirical study, the model has been found to significantly enhance the cadres’ job competence (task completion efficiency increased from 70% to 90%), sense of belonging (approval rate rose from 65% to 88%), and team collaboration effectiveness (satisfaction rate improved from 70% to 95%). It has also contributed to the overall academic and practical ability improvement of the class. This study offers a feasible practical pathway for higher vocational institutions to transform student cadres from “administrative assistants” into “growth partners” and to establish an empowering student leadership cultivation system.