乡村振兴背景下农村公共产品供给的困境审视与优化路径研究综述
A Literature Review on the Dilemmas and Optimization Paths for Rural Public Goods Supply in the Context of Rural Revitalization

随着乡村振兴战略的持续推进，优化农村公共产品供给已成为关乎乡村发展质量与民生福祉提升的关键议题。本文旨在通过系统回顾相关文献，厘清已有共识，识别尚存争议，并展望未来的研究前沿。主要运用文献研究法，重点从三方面展开系统梳理：一是辨析农村公共产品的内涵界定；二是归纳影响供给效率与结构的关键因素；三是探讨公共产品供给对农村居民消费行为的传导机制。研究发现，学界已就农村公共产品的核心属性形成共识，但范畴界定仍存在多元解读；供给影响因素的研究已实现从单一维度向综合治理框架的拓展；公共产品供给对农民消费的显著影响得到普遍证实，但受区域发展差异、供给结构适配性等因素影响，具体效果呈现异质性特征。现有研究已呈现从“政府单一供给”向“多元协同治理”范式的转型趋势，但在治理转型中的权力结构适配与利益冲突协调方面仍显不足。未来研究应聚焦构建基于数字化赋能的动态供给体系，并强化对多元治理机制中微观权力运行的实证检验。
With the continuous advancement of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, optimizing the supply of rural public goods has become a critical issue concerning the quality of rural development and the improvement of people’s well-being. This paper aims to clarify existing consensus, identify remaining controversies, and look forward to future research frontiers by systematically reviewing relevant literature. Employing a literature research method, this study systematically sorts out existing research from three main aspects: first, it analyzes the connotation and definition of rural public goods; second, it summarizes the key factors affecting the efficiency and structure of supply; and third, it explores the transmission mechanism through which public goods supply affects the consumption behavior of rural residents. The findings indicate that while a consensus has been reached in academia on the core attributes of rural public goods, their categorical definition remains subject to multiple interpretations. Research on supply-influencing factors has expanded from a single-dimensional perspective to a comprehensive governance framework. The significant impact of public goods supply on farmers’ consumption is widely confirmed, yet the specific effects exhibit heterogeneity due to factors such as regional development disparities and the adaptability of the supply structure. Current research has demonstrated a trend of shifting from the “government-led single supply” model toward a “multi-stakeholder collaborative governance” paradigm. However, there remains a notable gap in addressing the alignment of power structures and the coordination of interest conflicts during this governance transition. Future studies should focus on constructing a dynamic provision system empowered by digital technologies and strengthen the empirical examination of micro-level power dynamics within diverse governance mechanisms.