Employee retention is a challenging issue for HR practitioners at present. This study, grounded in Argosy Theory—a novel integrative framework that synthesizes principles from social exchange theory, person-organization fit, and HR technology research—analyzes voluntary turnover and turnover intentions in call centers using a qualitative single-case study design that combines semi-structured interviews with call center leaders and an analysis of internal turnover data. The results indicate that intentions to leave were contingent on perceived reciprocity, person-organization fit, leadership quality, and work-life balance. Employee perceptions of a fair and balanced exchange were associated with reduced intent to leave (Blau, 1964). The study examines AI-based scheduling and supervision as dual factors: they support retention when used transparently but cause stress when seen as surveillance. The findings extend social exchange theory in call center turnover research and offer practical guidance for managers, including fostering genuine employee-organization relationships, clarifying role expectations, and investing in supervisory leadership development (Bass & Riggio, 2006; Holtom et al., 2008). The financial and customer service impacts of voluntary turnover are discussed, highlighting the strategic importance of focused retention programs in call center environments.
References
[1]
Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., & Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee Engagement, Human Resource Management Practices and Competitive Advantage: An Integrated Approach. JournalofOrganizationalEffectiveness:PeopleandPerformance,2, 7-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/joepp-08-2014-0042
[2]
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,51, 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
[3]
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). Routledge.
[4]
Batt, R., & Colvin, A. J. S. (2011). An Employment Systems Approach to Turnover: Human Resources Practices, Quits, Dismissals, and Performance. Academy of ManagementJournal,54, 695-717. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.64869448
[5]
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley.
[6]
Bondarouk, T., & Brewster, C. (2016). Conceptualising the Future of HRM and Technology Research. TheInternationalJournalofHumanResourceManagement,27, 2652-2671. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1232296
[7]
Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Daily Job Demands and Employee Work Engagement: The Role of Daily Transformational Leadership Behavior. JournalofOccupationalHealthPsychology,23, 338-349. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000082
[8]
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social Exchange Theory: A Critical Review with Theoretical Remedies. AcademyofManagementAnnals,11, 479-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
[9]
Holman, D. (2002). Employee Wellbeing in Call Centres. HumanResourceManagementJournal,12, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2002.tb00076.x
[10]
Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Eberly, M. B. (2008). Turnover and Retention Research: A Glance at the Past, a Closer Review of the Present, and a Venture into the Future. AcademyofManagementAnnals,2, 231-274. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211552
[11]
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of Individuals’ Fit at Work: A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x
[12]
Matta, F. K., Scott, B. A., Colquitt, J. A., Koopman, J., & Passantino, L. G. (2017). Is Consistently Unfair Better than Sporadically Fair? An Investigation of Justice Variability and Stress. AcademyofManagementJournal,60, 743-770. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0455
[13]
Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement Revisited. JournalofOrganizationalEffectiveness:PeopleandPerformance,6, 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/joepp-06-2018-0034
[14]
Shah, S. S., Tariq, B., & Bhatti, M. A. (2023). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Effect of Employee Work Engagement. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7, Article 100455.
[15]
Strohmeier, S., & Parry, E. (2014). HRM in the Digital Age—Digital Changes and Challenges of the HR Profession. Employee Relations, 36, 345-361.
[16]
Yang, J., Arshad, M. A., Zhao, M., & Cao, S. (2024). The Relationship between High-Performance Work Practices and Employee Turnover Intention: An Analysis Based on a Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 13, 620-644.
[17]
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
[18]
Zito, M., Emanuel, F., Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., Ghislieri, C., & Colombo, L. (2018). Turnover Intentions in a Call Center: The Role of Emotional Dissonance, Job Resources, and Job Satisfaction. PLOSONE,13, e0192126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192126