BA (Branchial anomalies) are congenital malformations resulting from the incomplete regression of branchial apparatus structures during embryonic development. These lesions often exhibit complex anatomy and may adhere closely to critical vascular and neural structures in the neck. Given the rarity of these conditions and the consequent potential for limited clinical familiarity, selecting an appropriate imaging modality is crucial. Accurate identification of the internal opening, delineation of the fistula tract, and provision of reliable imaging evidence are essential to guide surgical planning, achieve complete excision of the pathological tissue, and prevent recurrence. This article reviews the current progress in various imaging techniques applied to the diagnosis of BA.
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