This study examined the effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) and different culture media on the in vitro development of C？ goat embryos. In Experiment 1, no statistically significant differences were detected in the cleavage rates of C？ goat oocytes cultured in SOFaa medium supplemented with FCS across the 0-hour, 48-hour, and 120-hour post-fertilization time points, as well as in the control group (P > 0.05). In contrast, the 0-hour group exhibited a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and greater average cell number per blastocyst compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Remarkably, hatching blastocysts were detected exclusively in the 0-hour group, indicating enhanced developmental competence under this condition. In Experiment 2, based on the findings from Experiments 1, C？ goat embryos were cultured in in vitro culture (IVC) medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) at 0 hours post-fertilization. No statistically significant difference was observed in the cleavage rates of C？ goat oocytes following in vitro fertilization between the SOFaa and CR1aa groups (P > 0.05). However, the SOFaa group demonstrated a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and greater average cell number per blastocyst compared to the CR1aa group (37.04% vs. 24.98% and 136.08 vs. 125.37, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing SOFaa medium with fetal calf serum at 0 hours post-fertilization is effective for enhancing the in vitro production of C？ goat embryos.
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