长循环纳米脂质体靶向药物递送系统的研究进展
Research Progress on the Long-Circulating Nanoliposome Targeted Drug Delivery System

长循环纳米脂质体是经聚乙二醇(PEG)化等表面修饰改良的新型脂质基载体，在传统脂质体生物相容性优良、亲疏水成分双向负载优势的基础上，通过定向修饰实现长循环与精准靶向协同，有效规避网状内皮系统(RES)清除。近年来，该领域涌现出放射性催化修饰、多成分共负载、超声靶向微泡破坏(UTMD)协同等创新技术，同时在药物递送、食品活性成分保护、化妆品功效强化等领域取得新突破。本文基于最新研究成果，简述了制备技术支撑作用(含逆向蒸发–超声微波协同、多糖包覆修饰等创新工艺)，深入剖析长循环(水化层空间位阻)与靶向(EPR效应 + 配体–受体结合)的核心作用机制及协同逻辑，新增纳米脂质体载体自身活性协同等机制。同时，也阐述其在肿瘤“增效减毒”治疗、慢性病精准干预(含血管疾病)、生殖系统损伤防护、食品活性成分稳定递送、化妆品抗皱护肤等领域的应用突破；最后剖析规模化生产、生物屏障穿透、长期安全性等瓶颈，并展望智能响应载体开发、跨域融合应用等未来方向，为该理论创新与产业化转化提供更全面的参考。
Long-circulating nanoliposomes are novel lipid-based carriers modified by surface engineering such as PEGylation. On the basis of inheriting the advantages of traditional liposomes, including excellent biocompatibility and bidirectional loading of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, they achieve the synergy of long circulation and precise targeting through directional modification, effectively evading clearance by the Reticuloendothelial System (RES). In recent years, innovative technologies such as radioactive catalytic modification, multi-component co-loading, and Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction (UTMD)-assisted delivery have emerged in this field. Meanwhile, new breakthroughs have been made in drug delivery, protection of food active ingredients, and enhancement of cosmetic efficacy. This article briefly describes the supporting role of preparation technologies (including innovative processes such as reverse evaporation-ultrasonic microwave synergy and polysaccharide coating modification), deeply analyzes the core mechanisms of action and synergistic logic of long circulation (steric hindrance of the hydration layer) and targeting (Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect ligand-receptor binding), and adds mechanisms such as the synergistic activity of the nanoliposome carrier itself. Meanwhile, it also expounds its applications in fields such as “efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction” in tumor treatment, precise intervention of chronic diseases (including vascular diseases), protection against reproductive system damage, stable delivery of food active ingredients, and anti-wrinkle skin care in cosmetics. Finally, it analyzes bottlenecks such as large-scale production, biological barrier penetration, and long-term safety, and looks forward to future directions including the development of smart responsive carriers and cross-domain integrated applications. This article provides a more comprehensive reference for the theoretical innovation and industrial transformation