湖北利川茶园施肥“三改”解酸培肥技术及应用
Fertilization “Three Reforms” Technology for Acid Neutralization and Fertility Enhancement in Hubei Lichuan Tea Plantations and Its Application

针对湖北利川茶园土壤酸化、黏化板结、养分失调、地力下降的现状，以及常规施肥中存在的“重化肥轻有机肥、重大量元素轻中微量元素、重春夏追肥轻冬管培肥”的“三重三轻”现象，结合茶叶生产特性，提出茶园施肥“三改”。即改良肥料品种，改重化肥为有机肥与配方肥并重，春夏叶面补施钙镁锌硼中微量元素肥，冬管增施土壤调理剂；改进施肥方式，改茶园行面撒施为行间机械沟施、深施；改优施用时间，改春夏季猛追化肥为重冬管主施基肥解酸培肥、辅春夏巧施补施追肥提质增效。通过施肥“三改”技术应用，茶园土壤酸化逐渐缓解，土壤结构逐步改善，土壤肥力日益提升，化肥利用率显著提高，茶树抗逆性明显增强，稳步实现利川茶产业优质、高产、高效和可持续发展。
To address soil acidification, clay compaction, nutrient imbalance, and declining fertility in Lichuan tea plantations, as well as conventional fertilization practices characterized by “emphasizing chemical fertilizers over organic fertilizers, prioritizing macronutrients while neglecting secondary/micronutrients, and focusing on spring/summer topdressing while overlooking winter management and fertility-building” (“three emphases and three neglects”), this study proposes three reforms in tea plantation fertilization based on tea production characteristics. Reforming fertilizer types: Shifting from chemical fertilizer dominance to a balanced combination of organic and formulated fertilizers, supplemented with calcium-magnesium-zinc-boron micronutrient foliar sprays in spring/summer, and adding soil conditioners during winter management. Reforming application methods: Changing surface broadcasting along tea rows to mechanized deep furrow application in inter-row spaces. Reforming timing strategy: Prioritizing heavy winter basal fertilization for acid neutralization and fertility enhancement over aggressive spring/summer chemical topdressing, supplemented by precise seasonal topdressing for quality improvement. Implementation of these reforms has progressively alleviated soil acidification, improved soil structure, enhanced fertility, increased fertilizer utilization efficiency, strengthened tea plant stress resistance, and steadily advanced high-quality, high-yield, efficient, and sustainable tea production in Lichuan.