Introduction: Tracheotomy is the opening of the anterior surface of the cervical trachea and the placement of a tracheostomy tube allowing breathing by short-circuiting the supraglottic airways. Although tracheotomy is a common surgical procedure in ENT departments, it’s also performed by the maxillofacial surgeon in stomatology and maxillofacial surgery departments. The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological profile, identify the indications and circumstances and determine the prognosis of tracheotomy performed in the maxillofacial surgery and stomatology department of Cocody Teaching Hospital. Results: 15 tracheostomies were performed with an annual incidence of 7.5. The age group between 20 and 39 years old was common in 60%. There were 7 men and 8 women. The patients all had a medical history. Traders were represented in 7 cases. The commune of Abobo was the place of origin in 5 cases. Tracheotomy was elective in 11 cases (73.3%) and permanent constriction of the jaws was the indication in 6 cases (40%). The course was simple in 10 cases (66.7%) and punctuated by complications in 5 cases (33.3%), including one death. Discussion: Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure. The epidemiological profile of tracheostomized patients in the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospital of Cocody is young female subjects of modest socioeconomic status. Permanent constriction of the jaws, large oro-maxillofacial tumors and cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin are the frequent indications. Subcutaneous emphysema was the main complication of tracheostomy in the study.
References
[1]
Gouéta, A., Oubian, S., Sanou, E., Bakyono, K.E., Bambara, C. and Gyébré, Y.M.C. (2020) Complications of tracheotomy in ENT in Burkina Faso. Journal of African Cancer Research, 4, 359-65.
[2]
Schrom, T., Grode-Trübenbach, J., Diederich, L. and Bloching, M. (2020) Late Complications after Tracheotomy in the Nursing Home. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 99, 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1058-0440
[3]
Misbahuddin, K., Asim, H., Anuhya, A., Zaheer, A.Q. and Laura, Y. (2022) Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Bedside Procedure. Curéus, 14, e24083.
[4]
Dalil, A., Miloundja, J., Ngo, N.A., Nzenze, S., Nziengui, A., Sougou, P.E., Njock, L.R., Ndjolo, A., N’zouba, L. and Bengono, G. (2015) Tracheotomy at the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital-Libreville. Médecine d’Afrique Noire, 6205, 271-275.
[5]
Zegbeh-N’guessan, E.K., Bérété, P.I.J., Ory, D.M.A.O, Djemi, E.M., Ngattia, K.V. and Crezoit, G.E. (2023) Tracheotomy: Indications and Advantages in the Management of Patients Undergoing Maxillofacial Surgery at Bouaké University Hospital. Tusian journal of ENT, 49, 21-24.
[6]
Trouillet, J.L., Collange, O., Belafia, F., Blot, F., Capellier, G., Cesareo, E., et al. (2019) Tracheotomy in the Intensive Care Unit: Guidelines from a French Expert Panel: The French Intensive Care Society and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. Medicine Intensive Réanimation, 28, 70-84.
[7]
Akolbout, D., Itiere Odzili, F.A., Ngouoni, C.G., Ondzotto, G., Otouana, B., Tall, A. and Diop, E.M. (2016) Emergency Tracheotomy in 55 Cases: Experience of the Brazzaville Teaching Hospital. Annals of Marien NGOUABI University, 13, 12-18.
[8]
Vroh, B.T.S., Kacouchia, N.B., N’Gattia, K.V., Kouassi, N., Kouassi, A. and Yavo, K.N. (2015) Complications of Surgical Tracheotomy in ENT in Abidjan. Médecine d’Afrique Noire, 6205, 289-292.
[9]
Bhatti, A.B.H., Iqbal, H., Hussain, R., Syed, A.A. and Jamshed, A. (2015) Tracheotomy in Cancer Patients: Experience from a Cancer Hospital in Pakistan. Indian Journal of Surgery, 77, 906-909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-014-1061-2
[10]
Myatra, S.N., Gupta, S., D’Cruz, A.K., Rajanala, V., Dhar, H., Sharma, S., et al. (2021) Identification of Patients for a Delayed Extubation Strategy versus Elective Tracheostomy for Postoperative Airway Management in Major Oral Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study in Seven Hundred and Twenty Patients. Oral Oncology, 121, Article 105502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105502
[11]
Adhikari, A., Noor, A., Mair, M., Ho, J., Fuzi, J., Giles, M., et al. (2023) Comparison of Postoperative Complications in Early versus Delayed Tracheostomy Decannulation in Patients Undergoing Oral Cancer Surgery with Microvascular Reconstruction. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 61, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.285
[12]
Pal, P., Sood, A.S. and Singla, S. (2018) Early Complications of Tracheostomy: A Study on 100 Patients at a Single Tertiary Care Centre. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 4, 217-221. https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20175628
[13]
Favier, J., Da Conceicao, M., Levron, A. and Argo, V. (2015) Fibro-Intubation. Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation, 19, 45-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2014.12.002
[14]
Elmaleh, Y. and Imauven, O. (2024) Masque laryngé: Un potentiel sous-exploité. Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation, 28, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2024.01.002
[15]
Rashid, M.H.O. and Taous, A. (2015) Comparative Study on Complications of Emergency and Elective Tracheostomy. Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 21, 69-75. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v21i2.27642
