Single-Parameter Model for Cosmic Scale Photon Redshift in a Closed Universe Applied to Data from JWST

A single-parameter model for cosmic photon redshift, assuming a finite spacetime manifold with equal curvature in space and time dimensions, is refined using data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The model parameter, T, is adjusted from 24 to 18 billion years to fit high-redshift galaxies (z ≥ 15), aligning closely with the ΛCDM model for later times (t ≥ 10 Gyr). The finite, positively curved manifold resolves the flatness and horizon problems without requiring inflation or fine-tuning. Spatial dimensions are calculated at minimum density, after 18 billion light-years; the density now, at 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang; and the density at the release of cosmic background radiation. The density evolution from the release of these first photons supports the rapid galaxy formation observed by JWST, potentially seeded by early neutron star-like entities. Recommendations include spectral analysis based on how hydrogen densities are predicted to evolve with time and proposed searches for primordial neutron star-like entities and primordial black holes to test the model’s predictions. This framework offers a simpler, more plausible explanation for early universe evolution compared to the ΛCDM model.