深圳湾福田红树林区水环境质量时空变化特征
Characteristics of Water Quality Changes in the Futian Mangrove National Natural Reserve

摘要 2014—2015年对深圳湾福田红树林自然保护区水质进行定期监测, 分析水质状况的空间和季节变化特征。结合2009—2014年福田红树林自然保护区的水质监测结果, 阐明红树林水环境质量的年际变化趋势。结果表明: 1) 保护区内水体溶解氧(DO)普遍较低, 营养盐和有机污染物普遍超标, 其中TN, TP, COD和BOD的平均浓度分别为地表水Ⅴ类水质标准的4, 2.6, 1.3和1.3倍, 富营养化程度严重, 枯水季的污染程度显著高于雨季; 2) 年际变化显示, 2009—2014年, TN和TP呈先下降后上升的趋势, BOD总体上保持上升趋势, COD保持下降趋势; 3) 福田红树林保护区内水质重金属污染已得到改善, 有机污染则有不断加重的趋势, 外源性污染物的输入是主要污染来源, 亟需采取控制措施。
Abstract The research monitored the water quality regularly and analyzed its spatial and temporal changes from 2014 to 2015 in the Futian Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Based on the water quality monitoring results from 2009 to 2014, the annual variation trend of water quality was also studied. The results showed that the DO was generally lower, and the average concentrations of TN, TP, COD and BOD, were 4, 2.6, 1.3 and 1.3 times higher than the class V standards of surface water respectively, the water was in heavy eutrophication status. The pollution level in dry season was significantly higher than in rainy season. From 2009 to 2014, the average concentrations of TN and TP showed a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing, the BOD values kept rising and the COD values kept falling. Instead of heavy metals pollution, it was the organic pollution, mainly coming from the exogenous input, which have been the key problem of the water pollution, and it needs to take measures to control the pollution immediately.