北京世界田径锦标赛男子竞走20km冠、亚军技术对比研究
Comparative Study on the Techniques of Men's 20km Race Walking Champion and Runner-up in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015

摘要：为了王镇能够在2020年东京奥运会上卫冕男子20公里竞走冠军，进一步提高竞技能力，竞走技术问题亟待解决；借鉴世界技术优秀运动员的技术特点，厘清王镇竞走技术的优势和主要问题最为关键。以北京世界田径锦标赛冠军米盖尔.洛佩兹和亚军王镇的比赛技术为测试对象，运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、生物力学测量法和数理统计法等研究方法对王镇和洛佩兹竞走技术进行研究。结论：王镇低速走单步时间左右均衡，高速走不均衡；洛佩兹高低速度单步时间不均衡；王镇和洛佩兹步长大，具有步幅型技术特点。王镇前支撑时间过短，后蹬时间过长，转换技术先两大腿重叠，再全脚掌着地；洛佩兹转换技术合理。王镇左右步长差异大；高速走右腿前摆过高，腾空时间长、头顶起伏大；洛佩兹步长均衡，腾空时间短。王镇低速上肢摆动幅度小；高速走摆臂幅度大，大小臂前摆夹角小，右臂后摆不足。洛佩兹摆动幅度大，技术结构稳定。王镇和洛佩兹着地技术好，高速左脚离地角偏大；王镇高速走离地角过大，右腿前摆过高，后撩大；转换阶段王镇摆动脚速度不足，后支撑阶段重心速度节奏不合理。建议王镇强髋部灵活性练习，提高右臂后摆能力；洛佩兹提高右腿快速放松能力，改进技术节奏。
Abstract: The purposes of this study are for Wang Zhen to be able to defend the men's 20 km race champion in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, to further improve the competitive ability, and to solve the problem in race walking technique. Drawing on the technical characteristics of world elite athletes, it is crucial to clarify the advantages and main problems of Wang Zhen's race walking technique. This study analyzed the competition techniques of men’s 20km race walking champion Miguel ángel LóPEZ and runner-up Wang Zhen in IAAF Championships Beijing 2015 by the methods of literature review, expert interview, biomechanical measurement and mathematical statistics. Conclusions: Wang Zhen’s single step’s time is balanced at low speed but not at high speed waking; Miguel ángel LóPEZ’s single step’s time is not balanced at low or high speed; the step length of both athletes is large with stride type technical characteristics. Wang Zhen’s front-support time is too short at high speed walking, and post-support time is too long, his conversion technique is two thighs overlap followed by the whole foot landing; Miguel ángel LóPEZ’s conversion technique is reasonable. Wang Zhen has big difference between left and right strides; the right leg is high, duration of passage is long and head is undulated. Miguel ángel LóPEZ’s step length is balanced and his duration of passage is short. Wang Zhen’s low upper limb swing amplitude is small at high speed walking, and is large at high speed walking, the swing angle of arm is small and his right arm’s back swing is not enough. Miguel ángel LóPEZ’s swing amplitude is large and technique structure is stable. The landing skill of two athletes is good, and their liftoff angle of left foot is large at high speed; Wang Zhen’s liftoff angle is too large at high speed while his right leg’s forward and back swings are too high; in conversion stage, the speed of Wang Zhen’s swing foot is insufficient, and the gravity velocity in the back support stage is unreasonable. This study suggests Wang Zhen strengthening flexibility training on hip,