德国青少年足球培养的经验与借鉴
Experience of Youth Football Training in Germany

摘要：采用文献资料法和专家访谈法对德国青少年足球的培养经验进行梳理，旨在借鉴其成功经验，以期为我国青少年足球培养理念、发展目标、计划实施、制度保障等方面的制定提供参考意见。研究结果表明：德国足协制定以未来发展为导向的培养理念，以快乐足球、个性化足球、社会足球、合作型足球为导向的培养目标，实施“天赋球员培养计划”，并以此为基础完善青少年足球培养阶段、划分七级训练等级、推行儿童公平比赛理念，同时落实一系列保障措施和配套政策确保青少年足球培养的成功。未来我国青少年足球的培养应注重于更新足球发展理念、定位足球发展目标、阶段性完善足球发展管理模式，同时促进足球顶层规划与局部细节执行的统筹协调，持续用力，久久为功，保证我国青少年足球事业的可持续发展。
Abstract: This study sorted out the training experience of German youth soccer by literature review and expert interviews, in order to learn from its successful experience, in order to provide reference for the formulation of youth soccer training concept, development goals, plan implementation, system security and other aspects. The results showed that the German Football Association takes the future development as the orientation, takes the happy football, the individualized football, the social football, the cooperation football as the orientation, implements the "talented player training plan", improve the stage of youth football training, divide the seven levels of training, promote the concept of fair play for children, and implement a series of safeguards and supporting policies to ensure the success of youth football training. In the future, China's youth football training should focus on updating the concept of football development, positioning the goal of football development, and improving the management model of football development at different stages; at the same time, it should promote the coordination of top-level football planning and the implementation of local details, make sustained efforts to ensure the sustainable development of China's youth football