消费者合同中经营者告知义务的法律构造
Legal structure of the trader’s duty of disclosure in consumer contract

摘 要： 基于信息不对称要求，经营者对处于信息弱势方的消费者负有法定告知义务。该种告知义务应与消费者知情权保持一致，限于“对消费者产生重大利害关系的商品或服务的信息”，并因不同交易模式表现出不同的告知范围。经营者违反告知义务可能构成欺诈，适用民法欺诈理论进行判断，并划分部分欺诈和整体欺诈作为惩罚性赔偿计算基准。经营者违反告知义务构成欺诈时，可能出现缔约过失责任与违约责任竞合，应允许消费者自由选择，且均可适用惩罚性赔偿；不构成欺诈的，可能承担不作为的侵权责任。
Abstract: Based on asymmetric information, the trader has the legal duty to inform the consumer who is in the inferior position of information. Such duty of disclosure, in line with the consumer's right to know, is restricted to the information on important matters related to goods or service, and is manifested by different informing ranges caused by different kinds of trading patterns and levels. If violating the duty, the trader may bear liability for fraud, which can be judged by applying the theory of civil fraud where punitive damages can be cited and the specific computation is on whole or part necessarily. Whether tort liability or liability for breach contract, the consumer can ask for application of punitive damage when violation forms fraud. And if there is only violation rather than fraud, the trader may assume tort liability