基于GIS的苏南乡村自然景观的生态敏感性分析

【目的】科学评估苏南水网地区乡村自然景观生态敏感性,以保护性地开发乡村自然景观,维护水网地区乡村景观生态的相对稳定。【方法】借助ArcGIS 10.0平台,以地形地貌、土地利用类型、交通通达度、坡度、坡向、地质灾害和水域距离7个指标作为评价要素,通过查阅文献法和专家咨询法,分析并评估苏南水网地区典型乡村――太湖东村自然景观的生态敏感性。【结果】影响东村生态环境最重要的指标因子为土地利用类型,其次为地质灾害和水域距离; 坡度和坡向的影响度一般,交通通达度和地形的影响度较弱,这和当地地势起伏变化不大、交通密度较小有关。【结论】通过加权叠加方式模拟出生态敏感性分布图,可知东村内部临近水域地区、山体地质灾害易发地区以及坡度较陡地区的景观生态敏感性最强,其他靠近村落的地区以及地势平坦的山脚地区景观生态敏感性较弱。
Abstract: 【Objective】Scientifically evaluate the ecological sensitivity of the water network areas in the south of Jiangsu Province so that the rural natural landscape can be developed in a sustainable manner, and its ecological stability can be maintained.【Method】Taihu Lake East Village was chosen as the study area. This study used ArcGIS 10.0 to evaluate its ecological sensitivity using data collated from documents and by consulting experts. Seven evaluation indicators were used, that included topography, land use type, traffic accessibility, grade of slope, direction of slope, geological hazard, and distance from water. After analysis of the ecological conditions, spatial situations, and landscape features in the study area, we obtained the regional ecological sensitivity maps showing different grades. 【Result】 We found that the most important indicator affecting the ecological environment of the East Village was the land use type. The effects of geological hazard and distance from water were less. Because of the relatively flat terrain and low traffic density, the influence of slope and aspect was normal, and the influence of traffic accessibility and terrain was weak. 【Conclusion】The ecological sensitivity map, which is simulated by weighted superposition, shows that the area near the water within the East Village, the area prone to geological disasters, and the area with steep slopes are the most sensitive to landscape level disturbances, while other areas that are close to the village and with a flat terrain at the foot of the mountains are weak to ecological sensitivity. These results can provide guidelines for decision-making for the conservation planning of the East Village as well as construction in this beautiful rural area