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化工进展  2015 

褐煤腐植酸的结构、组成及性质的研究进展

DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.08.039, PP. 3147-3157

Keywords: 褐煤,腐植酸,肥料,磷酸盐

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Abstract:

综述了从褐煤中提取腐植酸的方法、腐植酸结构、组成以及生产腐植酸磷肥的研究进展。预处理褐煤可提高腐植酸的萃取率,但需要解决其经济性问题。常用气相渗透压法和凝胶渗透色谱测定表观相对分子质量,质谱法和流动场流分离技术测定相对分子质量是研究热点。腐植酸的超分子结构是由小分子簇形成。腐植酸主要由芳香酸和酚组成,热解-气相色谱-质谱是研究腐植酸组成的主要方法,为避免极性化合物的影响,实验时常加入四甲基氢氧化铵。电泳法常被称作腐植酸的指纹信息,用做腐植酸分类。腐植酸和金属离子的络合作用受pH值影响较大,腐植酸-金属-磷酸盐络合物是腐植酸磷肥的主要成分,可减少土壤中磷的固定,增加植物吸收磷的有效性,是腐植酸领域的研究热点。

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