Understanding the genetic relationships and diversity of Ethiopian lentil in relation to lentil from other countries is important in attempting to widen the genetic base of germplasm in the country. The objectives of this study were to generate information on agromorphological variability, to estimate PCV, GCV, heritability, and expected genetic advance of quantitative traits of lentil. 228 genotypes with different population types were studied for 11 agromorphological traits and rust disease severity score for two seasons (2011-2012) over three locations. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variations ( ) among genotypes for all characters studied. As per genetic parameter values, four groups of character were deduced. It is inferred that the exotic genotypes introduced from ICARDA showed rich genetic bases for 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, resistance source for rust, and high yielder in high yielding environment, where rainfall is not a major problem. Use the Ethiopian accessions for developing cultivars that could be used in double cropping and drought prone areas. 1. Introduction Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) is a short, slender annual cool-season food legume. The center of origin of lentil is the Near East where it was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 7000 BC [1]. According to Barulina [2], two varietal types based on seed size were recognized: the small-seeded microsperma and the macrosperma with relatively large flattened pods. The largest lentil producer is India, followed by Canada and Turkey, accounting for 68% of the global production [3]. In Africa, Ethiopia, Morocco, and Tunisia are the leading producers, but 61% of the areas and 68% of the production belong to Ethiopia [4]. Lentil is an important dietary source of macro- and micronutrients for both rural and urban dwellers. It provides sufficient amounts of the most essential amino acids to meet nutrient requirements. It is a cash crop fetching the highest price in domestic market compared to all other food legumes and major cereal crops [5]. Global, African, and Ethiopian lentil productivity is about 887？kg/ha, 644？kg/ha [3], and 1168？kg/ha, respectively [6]. Biotic and abiotic factors limit lentil productivity and seed quality. The major yield gap contributing factors are insect pests, diseases, low yielding landraces grown by farmers, and the narrow genetic base [7, 8]. Prior knowledge of genetic variability and characterization of genetic resources within the germplasm available at a gene bank has an
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