An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of lime and farmyard manure on the concentration of cadmium in water spinach. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica cv. Kankon) was grown in sandy loam soil spiked with 5？mg Cd K g ？ 1 with lime (L) and farmyard manure (M) amendments. The treatments consisted of control, four levels of L (5, 10, 15, and 20 t？ h a ？ 1 ), M (5, 10, 15, and 20？t？ h a ？ 1 ), and their combinations (5 + 5, 10 + 10, 15 + 15, and 20 + 20？t？ h a ？ 1 ). Growth parameters of water spinach increased significantly with the addition of lime and farmyard manure in the soil. Lime addition to soil decreased Cd concentration in both shoot and root of water spinach. In control (0 + 0), Cd concentration was 62.67？mg？ k g ？ 1 in shoot, and 135.5？mg？ k g ？ 1 in root. Cadmium concentration decreased by 72, 15, and 66% over the control in shoot and 82, 28, and 76% in the roots correspondingly with the highest rate of lime (20？t？ h a ？ 1 ), manure (20？t？ h a ？ 1 ), and lime plus manure combinations (20？t？ h a ？ 1 + 20？t？ h a ？ 1 ). The results imply that 5 to 10？t？ h a ？ 1 lime could be used in Cd-contaminated soils to reduce Cd uptake by agricultural crops. 1. Introduction Intensive industrial activities and agricultural development can usually cause environmental problems due to heavy metal contamination. Under natural conditions, concentration of heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd) is low in soils, except in those derived from shales [1]. Considerable amount of Cd can be introduced into soils via anthropogenic pathways such as dumping industrial effluents, agricultural application of sewage sludge [2], and the addition of commercial fertilizers [3]. Cadmium is not essential to biota and it is toxic to human at lower concentrations than those toxic to plants. Its effect on humans is cumulative. Crops grown on Cd-contaminated soils are one of the sources of Cd transport to humans [4]. The limit of cadmium concentration in soil associated to biomass reduction for the majority of agricultural plants is reported to be between 5 and 15？mg Cd？kg？1 of soil [5]. Growth reduction of lettuce by 23% by the addition of 4 mg？Cd？kg？1 was found in a loamy sand soil [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop techniques to treat and stabilize heavy metals in situ in an effective and cost effective manner [7]. An approach towards this is to render the metals immobilized by using different amendments. Lime, phosphates, or organic matter residues are commonly employed for metal immobilization in soils [8]. Lime is often chosen because it changes the forms of the
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