Bed planting with foliar nitrogen fertilizer application of rice production systems is very new, and research on it is still at introductory phase. Influence of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of transplanted aman rice and evaluation of water and fertilizer application efficiency of rice-fallow-rice cropping system were investigated under raised bed cultivation method. Results showed that foliar spray in bed planting method increased grain yield of transplanted aman rice up to 9.33% over conventional method. Foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method increased the number of panicle m？2, number of grains panicle？1, and 1000-grain weight of rice than the conventional method. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower at foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method than the conventional method. Thirty-nine percent of irrigation water and time for application could be saved through foliar nitrogen spray in bed planting than conventional method. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher by foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting than conventional method. Likewise, agronomic efficiency of foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting method was higher than the conventional method. This study concluded that foliar nitrogen spray in bed planting method is a new approach to get fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield compared to existing agronomic practice in Bangladesh. 1. Introduction Foliar spray of fertilizer did not only increase the crop yields but also reduced the quantities of fertilizer applied through soil. Foliar application can also reduce the lag time between application and uptake by the plant [1]. The use of foliar fertilizing in agriculture has been a popular practice within farmers since the 1950s, when it was learned that foliar fertilization was effective. Radioisotopes were used to show that foliar-applied fertilizers passed through the leaf cuticle and into the cells [2]. Various studies have shown that a small amount of nutrients (nitrogen, potash, or phosphate) applied by foliar spraying increases significantly the yield of crops [3–10]. In fact, foliar fertilization does not totally replace soil-applied fertilizer but it does increase the uptake and hence the efficiency of the nutrients applied to the soil. This application technique is especially useful for micronutrients but can also be used for major nutrients like N, P, and K basically because the amount applied at any time is small and thus it
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