Mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by the salivary glands which created a protein that works against the haemostasis process. This study aims to investigate the salivary glands proteins expression of 50 adult female An. dirus A mosquitoes, a main vector of malaria in Thailand, each group with an age of 5 days which were artificial membrane fed on sugar, normal blood, blood infected with P. vivax, and blood infected with P. falciparum. Then mosquito salivary gland proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after feeding. The findings revealed that the major salivary glands proteins had molecular weights of 62, 58, 43, 36, 33, 30, and 18？kDa. One protein band of approximately 13 kDa was found in normal blood and blood infected with P. vivax fed on day 0. A stronger protein band, 65？kDa, was expressed from the salivary glands of mosquitoes fed with P. vivax- or P. falciparum-infected blood on only day 0, but none on days 1 to 4. The study shows that salivary glands proteins expression of An. dirus may affect the malaria parasite life cycle and the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria parasites in post-24-hour disappearance observation. 1. Introduction Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease and a major public health problem in the world. Malaria is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including much of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas [1]. The spread of malaria is often associated with environmental and mosquito vector factors, and the vectors of malaria are female Anopheles species. In Thailand, there are 3 major vector species, An. dirus, An. Minimus, and An. maculatus [2], of which An. dirus is the most common. It has been found that An. dirus is the major carrier of malaria in Thailand [3, 4]. Adult mosquito salivary glands are paired organs located on either side of the thorax flanking the esophagus [5, 6]. The female gland has three lobes, including two lateral lobes, with distinct proximal and distal portions, and a medial lobe. Salivary glands contain several kinds of protein [7], but female glands contain approximately 10 times more protein than male glands. Each lobe of the female mosquito salivary gland differs in protein contents, with the distal lobe having the most proteins [5]. The rate of protein accumulation in the salivary glands is highest on day 2 of growth as adult, reaching a peak in week 2 and then beginnings to decline at week 3 [8]. Anopheles spp. must feed on human or animal blood and need nutrients in the blood to stimulate growth of ovaries and encourage eggs
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