A simple PCR-RFLP test for direct identification of Melanocortin Receptor 1 (MC1R) alleles causing red coat colour in Holstein cattle

A direct test to determine the presence of the recessive alleles causing red colour in Holstein cattle at DNA level is proposed. Digestions with two restriction enzymes were used to detect individuals carrying recessive alleles of Melanocortin Receptor 1 (MC1R) gene, responsible for coat coloration. Direct sequencing of the PCR products confirmed the identified genotypes. Compared to previously described methods this is an effective, relatively economic and quick method. This test could be employed not only to facilitate the detection of polymorphisms in populations but also to exclude animals carrying alleles resulting in an undesired coat colour from breeding schemes.