Detection, classification, and tracking of small vessels are important tasks for improving port security and the security of coastal and offshore operations. Hydroacoustic sensors can be applied for the detection of noise generated by vessels, and this noise can be used for vessel detection, classification, and tracking. This paper presents recent improvements aimed at the measurement and separation of ship DEMON (Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise) DEMON acoustic signatures in busy harbor conditions. Ship signature measurements were conducted in the Hudson River and NY Harbor. The DEMON spectra demonstrated much better temporal stability compared with the full ship spectra and were measured at distances up to 7？km. The combination of cross-correlation and methods allowed separation of the acoustic signatures of ships in busy urban environments. 1. Introduction Detection, classification, and tracking of small vessels are important tasks for improving port security and the security of coastal and offshore operations. DHS issued the Small Vessel Security Strategy [1] with one of the goals “to enhance maritime security and safety based on a coherent framework with a layered, innovative approach.” The research being conducted in the Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR), a DHS National Center of Excellence for Port Security, examines some basic science issues and emerging technologies to improve the security of ports as well as coastal and offshore operations. This research follows a layered approach utilizing above water and underwater surveillance techniques. The investigated layers include satellite-based wide area surveillance, HF Radar systems providing over-the-horizon monitoring, and nearshore and harbor passive acoustic surveillance. Integration of these systems is aimed at achieving vessel detection, classification, identification, and tracking. In recent field experiments in NY Harbor, the wide area sensing was provided by the University of Miami CSTARS facility’s electro-optical (EO) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imaging capabilities. The Stevens Passive Acoustic System was used for detecting sound produced by the same ships that were detected by satellites, and the advantages of the joint satellite/acoustics ship reconnaissance were examined [2]. The application of the passive acoustic method for small vessel detection, classification, and tracking in noisy and busy urban environments requires the development of novel methods of signal processing. These methods are presented in this paper. Passive acoustic
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