全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2008 

Baseline Levels of Influenza-Specific CD4 Memory T-Cells Affect T-Cell Responses to Influenza Vaccines

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002574

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Background Factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been studied systematically. We hypothesized that T-cell and antibody responses to the vaccines are functions of pre-existing host immunity against influenza antigens. Methodology/Principal Findings During the 2004 and 2005 influenza seasons, we have collected data on cellular and humoral immune reactivity to influenza virus in blood samples collected before and after immunization with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines in healthy children and adults. We first used cross-validated lasso regression on the 2004 dataset to identify a group of candidate baseline correlates with T-cell and antibody responses to vaccines, defined as fold-increase in influenza-specific T-cells and serum HAI titer after vaccination. The following baseline parameters were examined: percentages of influenza-reactive IFN-γ+ cells in T and NK cell subsets, percentages of influenza-specific memory B-cells, HAI titer, age, and type of vaccine. The candidate baseline correlates were then tested with the independent 2005 dataset. Baseline percentage of influenza-specific IFN-γ+ CD4 T-cells was identified as a significant correlate of CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, with lower baseline levels associated with larger T-cell responses. Baseline HAI titer and vaccine type were identified as significant correlates for HAI response, with lower baseline levels and the inactivated vaccine associated with larger HAI responses. Previously we reported that baseline levels of CD56dim NK reactivity against influenza virus inversely correlated with the immediate T-cell response to vaccination, and that NK reactivity induced by influenza virus depended on IL-2 produced by influenza-specific memory T-cells. Taken together these results suggest a novel mechanism for the homeostasis of virus-specific T-cells, which involves interaction between memory helper T-cells, CD56dim NK and DC. Significance These results demonstrate that assessment of baseline biomarkers may predict immunologic outcome of influenza vaccination and may reveal some of the mechanisms responsible for variable immune responses following vaccination and natural infection.

References

[1]  Lamb RA, Krug RM (2001) Orthomyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1533–1579.
[2]  Kilbourne ED (1999) Inactivated influenza vaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA, editors. Vaccines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 531–552.
[3]  Belshe RB (2004) Influenza vaccines-live. In: Plotkin SA, Ornstein W, editors. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders.
[4]  Belshe RB, Edwards KM, Vesikari T, Black SV, Walker RE, et al. (2007) Live attenuated versus inactivated influenza vaccine in infants and young children. N Engl J Med 356: 685–696.
[5]  Ohmit SE, Victor JC, Rotthoff JR, Teich ER, Truscon RK, et al. (2006) Prevention of antigenically drifted influenza by inactivated and live attenuated vaccines. N Engl J Med 355: 2513–2522.
[6]  He XS, Mahmood K, Maecker HT, Holmes TH, Kemble GW, et al. (2003) Analysis of the frequencies and of the memory T cell phenotypes of human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A viruses. J Infect Dis 187: 1075–1084.
[7]  He XS, Holmes TH, Zhang C, Mahmood K, Kemble GW, et al. (2006) Cellular immune responses in children and adults receiving inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines. J Virol 80: 11756–11766.
[8]  Sasaki S, Jaimes MC, Holmes TH, Dekker CL, Mahmood K, et al. (2007) Comparison of the influenza virus-specific effector and memory B-cell responses to immunization of children and adults with live attenuated or inactivated influenza virus vaccines. J Virol 81: 215–228.
[9]  Plotkin JB, Dushoff J, Levin SA (2002) Hemagglutinin sequence clusters and the antigenic evolution of influenza A virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 6263–6268.
[10]  McDonald NJ, Smith CB, Cox NJ (2007) Antigenic drift in the evolution of H1N1 influenza A viruses resulting from deletion of a single amino acid in the haemagglutinin gene. J Gen Virol 88: 3209–3213.
[11]  Gruber WC, Taber LH, Glezen WP, Clover RD, Abell TD, et al. (1990) Live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children. Am J Dis Child 144: 595–600.
[12]  Gruber WC, Belshe RB, King JC, Treanor JJ, Piedra PA, et al. (1996) Evaluation of live attenuated influenza vaccines in children 6–18 months of age: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Program and the Wyeth-Ayerst ca Influenza Vaccine Investigators Group. J Infect Dis 173: 1313–1319.
[13]  Nichol KL, Mendelman PM, Mallon KP, Jackson LA, Gorse GJ, et al. (1999) Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial. Jama 282: 137–144.
[14]  Hurwitz ES, Haber M, Chang A, Shope T, Teo S, et al. (2000) Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of day care children in reducing influenza-related morbidity among household contacts. Jama 284: 1677–1682.
[15]  Belshe RB, Gruber WC (2001) Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of cold-adapted, live, attenuated, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccine in adults and children. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356: 1947–1951.
[16]  Couch RB (2003) An overview of serum antibody responses to influenza virus antigens. Dev Biol (Basel) 115: 25–30.
[17]  Belshe RB, Nichol KL, Black SB, Shinefield H, Cordova J, et al. (2004) Safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of live, attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine in an indicated population aged 5–49 years. Clin Infect Dis 39: 920–927.
[18]  Yap KL, Ada GL, McKenzie IF (1978) Transfer of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes protects mice inoculated with influenza virus. Nature 273: 238–239.
[19]  Ennis FA, Meager A, Beare AS, Qi YH, Riley D, et al. (1981) Interferon induction and increased natural killer-cell activity in influenza infections in man. Lancet 2: 891–893.
[20]  McMichael AJ, Gotch FM, Noble GR, Beare PA (1983) Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza. N Engl J Med 309: 13–17.
[21]  Bot A, Reichlin A, Isobe H, Bot S, Schulman J, et al. (1996) Cellular mechanisms involved in protection and recovery from influenza virus infection in immunodeficient mice. J Virol 70: 5668–5672.
[22]  Doherty PC, Topham DJ, Tripp RA, Cardin RD, Brooks JW, et al. (1997) Effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mechanisms in the control of respiratory virus infections. Immunol Rev 159: 105–117.
[23]  Graham MB, Braciale TJ (1997) Resistance to and recovery from lethal influenza virus infection in B lymphocyte-deficient mice. J Exp Med 186: 2063–2068.
[24]  Liu B, Mori I, Hossain MJ, Dong L, Takeda K, et al. (2004) Interleukin-18 improves the early defence system against influenza virus infection by augmenting natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J Gen Virol 85: 423–428.
[25]  He XS, Holmes TH, Mahmood K, Kemble GW, Dekker CL, et al. (2008) Phenotypic Changes in Influenza-Specific CD8(+) T Cells after Immunization of Children and Adults with Influenza Vaccines. J Infect Dis.
[26]  Neter J, Kutner M, Nachtsheim C, Wasserman W (1996) Applied linear statistical models. Boston, MA: WCB McGraw-Hill. pp. 724–725.
[27]  Tibshirani R (1996) Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 58: 267–288.
[28]  Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J (2001) The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. New York: Springer.
[29]  Milliken G, Johnson D (1998) Analysis of messy data: designed experiments. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
[30]  Holm S (1979) A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 43: 223–225.
[31]  Zar J (1999) Biostatistical analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
[32]  Lanzavecchia A (1985) Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. Nature 314: 537–539.
[33]  Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr (1997) Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response. Curr Opin Immunol 9: 4–9.
[34]  Zitvogel L (2002) Dendritic and natural killer cells cooperate in the control/switch of innate immunity. J Exp Med 195: F9–14.
[35]  Moretta A (2002) Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2: 957–964.
[36]  Schapiro JM, Segev Y, Rannon L, Alkan M, Rager-Zisman B (1990) Natural killer (NK) cell response after vaccination of volunteers with killed influenza vaccine. J Med Virol 30: 196–200.
[37]  Mysliwska J, Trzonkowski P, Szmit E, Brydak LB, Machala M, et al. (2004) Immunomodulating effect of influenza vaccination in the elderly differing in health status. Exp Gerontol 39: 1447–1458.
[38]  Kutza J, Gross P, Kaye D, Murasko DM (1996) Natural killer cell cytotoxicity in elderly humans after influenza immunization. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3: 105–108.
[39]  Zeman AM, Holmes TH, Stamatis S, Tu W, He XS, et al. (2007) Humoral and cellular immune responses in children given annual immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26: 107–115.
[40]  Harrell F (2001) Regression modeling strategies with applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York: Springer.
[41]  Beyer WE, Palache AM, Luchters G, Nauta J, Osterhaus AD (2004) Seroprotection rate, mean fold increase, seroconversion rate: which parameter adequately expresses seroresponse to influenza vaccination? Virus Res 103: 125–132.
[42]  Lee MS, Mahmood K, Adhikary L, August MJ, Cordova J, et al. (2004) Measuring antibody responses to a live attenuated influenza vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23: 852–856.
[43]  He XS, Draghi M, Mahmood K, Holmes TH, Kemble GW, et al. (2004) T cell-dependent production of IFN-gamma by NK cells in response to influenza A virus. J Clin Invest 114: 1812–1819.
[44]  Villarino AV, Tato CM, Stumhofer JS, Yao Z, Cui YK, et al. (2007) Helper T cell IL-2 production is limited by negative feedback and STAT-dependent cytokine signals. J Exp Med 204: 65–71.
[45]  Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, Davoust J, Lebecque S, et al. (2000) Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 18: 767–811.
[46]  Ferlazzo G, Tsang ML, Moretta L, Melioli G, Steinman RM, et al. (2002) Human dendritic cells activate resting natural killer (NK) cells and are recognized via the NKp30 receptor by activated NK cells. J Exp Med 195: 343–351.
[47]  Piccioli D, Sbrana S, Melandri E, Valiante NM (2002) Contact-dependent stimulation and inhibition of dendritic cells by natural killer cells. J Exp Med 195: 335–341.
[48]  Gerosa F, Gobbi A, Zorzi P, Burg S, Briere F, et al. (2005) The reciprocal interaction of NK cells with plasmacytoid or myeloid dendritic cells profoundly affects innate resistance functions. J Immunol 174: 727–734.
[49]  Nagler A, Lanier LL, Cwirla S, Phillips JH (1989) Comparative studies of human FcRIII-positive and negative natural killer cells. J Immunol 143: 3183–3191.
[50]  Anfossi N, Andre P, Guia S, Falk CS, Roetynck S, et al. (2006) Human NK cell education by inhibitory receptors for MHC class I. Immunity 25: 331–342.
[51]  Soen Y, Chen DS, Kraft DL, Davis MM, Brown PO (2003) Detection and characterization of cellular immune responses using peptide-MHC microarrays. PLoS Biol 1: E65.
[52]  Perez OD, Nolan GP (2006) Phospho-proteomic immune analysis by flow cytometry: from mechanism to translational medicine at the single-cell level. Immunol Rev 210: 208–228.
[53]  Seder RA, Darrah PA, Roederer M (2008) T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 247–258.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133