Epistemología de las ciencias humanas en el contexto iberoamericano

due to the epistemological lack of orientation in the first part of the twentieth century, all the epistemological foundations of knowledge and science have been restated critically, in its second part. in this article, we argue that thinking always responds to way of life of the human group within which it is thought, i.e., the total and integral praxis of a community in its local and historical time: in its technical, symbolic, aesthetic and ethical praxis. thus, all "thinking" is embedded in a paradigm, which, in turn, only has meaning or sense in light of a matrix or epistemic own peculiar way, which has a human group, to assign meanings to things and events. in this line of argument, matrices ideas and their leading representatives views of enlightened reason of modernity and their questioning from the standpoint of social, psychological and epistemic perspective, are shown, in sequence; and, equally is done, from the perspective of an epistemology up-to-date, highlighting the mental processes that follow the hermeneutical, phenomenological, ethnographic and the ？critical reason？ episteme. the paper concludes by illustrating that, throughout the twentieth century, there have been two ways of thinking and knowing: the first one focused on an atomistic, individualistic and elementalistic orientation, that prevailed in the first half of the century and, the second one, relational in nature, systemic, structural, gestaltic, stereognosical and transdisciplinary, which has been prevailing, epistemologically, in the second half.