La deixis y la foricidad como se？ales de anclaje enunciativo

in previous research about problems related to writing (manrique & vílchez, 2003; vílchez et al., 2002; vílchez & manrique, 2004), it was found that students tend to privilege deictic markers over phoric values to anchor their texts in the present of the writer as enunciator. for this reason, the present research, documental and descriptive, is oriented towards a theoretical reflection on the different behaviour of demonstrative deixis and text deixis, with the purpose of building a theoretical framework to explain the difficulties previously mentioned. thus, we revise referential markers from an operational point of view according to the greek rhetoric and beyond their functional description, to confirm the pragmatic affirmation that the intention of the speaker is present in any deictic and/or phoric use. we conclude that, due to their recursive nature, anaphoric procedures are one of the most important mechanisms to achieve textual information integration through the precision of enunciation sources, economy of the deictic function and the mental determination of time and space. we recommend that anaphoric elements, as context variables, be explicitly taught not only because all levels of linguistic organization are reflected in them but also because of their rhetorical value for the acquisition of academic discursive forms.