Breeding tropical forages

brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd and is the main beef exporter in the world. cultivated pastures are the basis for the brazilian beef production, and occupy an area of 101.4 million hectares. however, very few forage cultivars are commercially available, and the majority of these are of apomictic reproduction, thus genetically homogeneous. tropical forage breeding is at its infancy, but much investment and efforts have been applied in the last three decades and some new cultivars have been released. in this paper, origin of different species, modes of reproduction, breeding programs and targets are discussed and the resulting new cultivars released are presented.