The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates on the development and oleoresin production of micropropagated Zingiber officinale

we have investigated the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi scutellospora heterogama sct120e, gigaspora decipiens sct304a, acaulospora koskei sct400a, entrophospora colombiana sct115, and an assemblage (mix) of all four isolates on growth, development and oleoresin production of micropropagated zingiber officinale. after 120 and 210 d of growth, the mix and phosphorus addition significantly increased shoot height relative to control plants. phosphorus addition was the only treatment resulting in significantly large shoot dry biomass relative to control after 120 d. no statistical differences were observed between treatments for shoot dry biomass after 210 d and for fine and coarse root biomass at both harvests. inoculation with s. herogama and g. decipiens resulted in larger yields of oleoresin, corresponding to 3.48% and 1.58% of rhizome fresh biomass respectively. based on retention index and mass spectrometry, we have characterized the following constituents present in ginger rhizomes: ar-curcumene, zingiberene, γ-cadinene, bisabolene, δ- or α-cadinene and farnesol. two other constituents were characterized as possible members of the gingerol class. results suggest that the screening and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ginger plants is a feasible procedure to increase the oleoresin production of z. officinale and consequently increase the aggregate value of ginger rhizome production.