Times of Losses: A False Awareness of the Integration of Immigrants

this article compares and discusses the bases of exclusion and its generational transmission in the united states and france. it explains the limits and achievements of inclusion, based on two admirable research projects. the examination of the long spanish experience of emigration and the fact that this was forgotten in immigration policy design over the past two decades is relegated to the back of researchers' reflections. the analysis of the political and sentimental bases of this forgetfulness serves as a warning for other countries involved in migratory transition without wishing to admit the fact. ideologies regarding integration are viewed as theories while the nature of administrative records is considered acritically as a sufficient, correct database. multi-level, inter-regional government is a demand that reveals both the deficits and the possibilities for better public management of international migrations.