全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2012 

Race and the Fragility of the Legal Distinction between Juveniles and Adults

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036680

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Legal precedent establishes juvenile offenders as inherently less culpable than adult offenders and thus protects juveniles from the most severe of punishments. But how fragile might these protections be? In the present study, simply bringing to mind a Black (vs. White) juvenile offender led participants to view juveniles in general as significantly more similar to adults in their inherent culpability and to express more support for severe sentencing. Indeed, these differences in participants’ perceptions of this foundational legal precedent distinguishing between juveniles and adults accounted for their greater support for severe punishment. These results highlight the fragility of protections for juveniles when race is in play. Furthermore, we suggest that this fragility may have broad implications for how juveniles are seen and treated in the criminal justice system.

References

[1]  Bobo LD, Thompson V (2010) Racialized mass incarceration: Poverty, prejudice, and punishment. In: Markus HR, PML Moya, editors. Doing race: 21 essays for the 21st century. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 322–355.
[2]  Garland D (2001) The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 320 p.
[3]  Western B (2006) Punishment and inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 247p. Roper v Simmons (2005). 543 U.S. 551 p.
[4]  Roper vSimmons (2005) 543 U.S. 551.
[5]  Graham vFlorida (2010) U.S. pp. 08–7412.
[6]  Bobo LD, Thompson V (2006) Unfair by design: The war on drugs, race, and the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Social Research 73: 445–472.
[7]  Baldus DC, Woodworth G, Zuckerman D, Weiner NA, Broffitt B (1998) Racial discrimination and the death penalty in the post-Furman era: An empirical and legal overview, with recent findings from Philadelphia. Cornell Law Review 83: 1638–1770.
[8]  Eberhardt JL, Davies PG, Purdie-Vaughns VJ, Johnson SL (2006) Looking deathworthy: Perceived stereotypicality of black defendants predicts capital-sentencing outcomes. Psychological Science 17: 383–386.
[9]  Jordan KL, Freiburger TL (2010) Examining the impact of race and ethnicity on the sentencing of juveniles in adult court. Criminal Justice Policy Review 21: 185–201.
[10]  Eberhardt JL, Goff PA, Purdie-Vaughns VJ, Davies PG (2004) Seeing black: Race, crime, and visual processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87: 876–893.
[11]  Graham S, Lowery BS (2004) Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders. Law & Human Behavior 28: 483–504.
[12]  Mitchell TL, Haw RM, Pfeifer JE, Meissner CA (2005) Racial bias in mock juror decision making: A meta-analytic review of defendant treatment. Law and Human Behavior 29: 621–637.
[13]  Stevenson MC, Bottoms BL (2009) Race shapes perceptions of juvenile offenders in criminal court. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39: 1660–1689.
[14]  Correll J, Park B, Judd CM, Wittenbrink BW (2002) The police officer’s dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83: 1314–1329.
[15]  Equal Justice Initiative (2010) Illegal Racial Discrimination in Jury Selection: A Continuing Legacy. Available: http://www.eji.org/eji/raceandpoverty/ju?ryselection. Accessed: 27 Jul 2010.
[16]  McGonigle S, Becka H, LaFleur R, Wyatt T (2005) Striking differences. Dallas morning news. Available: http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2005?/jury/index_jury.html. Accessed: 29 Jul 2010.
[17]  Sommers SR (2008) Determinants and Consequences of Jury Racial Diversity: Empirical Findings, Implications, and Directions for Future Research. Social Issues and Policy Review 2: 65–102.
[18]  Turner BM, Lovell RD, Young JD, Denny WF (1986) Race and peremptory challenges during voir dire: Do prosecution and defense agree? Journal of Criminal Justice 14: 61–69.
[19]  US Census Bureau (2000) Special Tabulation, reported by the American Bar Association. Available: http://www.abanet.org/minorities/links/2?000census.html. Accessed: 28 Jul 2010.
[20]  Bobo LD, Johnson D (2004) A taste for punishment. Black and White Americans’ views on the death penalty and the war on drugs. Du Bois Review 1: 151–180.
[21]  Gilliam FD, Iyengar S (2000) The influence of local television news on the viewing public. American Journal of Political Science 44: 560–573.
[22]  Hurwitz J, Peffley M (2005) Playing race in the post-Willie Horton era: The impact of racialized code words on support for punitive crime policy. Public Opinion Quarterly 69: 99–112.
[23]  Peffley M, Hurwitz J (2002) The racial components of “race-neutral” crime policy attitudes. Political Psychology 23: 59–75.
[24]  Sullivan vFlorida (2009) U.S. 08-7621 oral argument transcript.
[25]  Grasmick HG, McGill AL (1994) Religion, attribution style, and punitiveness toward juvenile offenders. Criminology 32: 23–46.
[26]  McKee IR, Feather NT (2008) Revenge, retribution, and values: social attitudes and punitive sentencing. Social Justice Research 21: 138–163.
[27]  Cohen J (1988) Statistical power for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 567 p.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133