Reexpansion pulmonary edema

reexpansion pulmonary edema (rpe) is a rare, but frequently lethal, clinical condition. the precise pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with this disorder are still unknown, though decreased pulmonary surfactant levels and a pro-inflammatory status are putative mechanisms. early diagnosis is crucial, since prognosis depends on early recognition and prompt treatment. considering the high mortality rates related to rpe, preventive measures are still the best available strategy for patient handling. this review provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rpe, with practical recommendations for adequate intervention.