Os direitos s？o do homem ou do estado?

the barbarities perpetrated in the first half of the xx century in europe reveal the capacity of man to destroy, subdue and humiliate those of his own kind. one of the cruelest events that rose during the inter-war period was the appearance of millions of stateless people, persons who had lost their national status. hannah arendt, german thinker, decided to study the phenomenon of totalitarism from a philosophical rather than a historical point of view and used statelessness as one of the essential concepts to understand the problem created by the liberal revolutions of the xviii century, which connected the human rights proclaimed at that time to the existence of a state-nation constituted by those revolutions. when, at the collapse of europe intertwined by world wars i and ii, the stateless became an impossible to be ignored ？problem？, a solution was sought through the creation of the society of nations and its successor, the united nations (un), without taking into account its counterpart - the state-nation - as the original power of the attribution of rights to citizens. this article seeks to resume the perspective taken by arendt through the introduction of some of her reflections, enlaced by comments evidenced by contemporaneity. acknowledging the impossibility to find a definitive answer to the question in the title, we seek to highlight the importance of the problem and thus contribute to keeping the debate fresh.