Estado y desarrollo económico

today the washington consensus on development lies in tatters. the recent history of the developing world has been unkind to the core claim that a nation that opens its economy and keeps government's role to a minimum invariably experiences rapid economic growth. there is strong evidence that the developing world grew faster during the era of state intervention and import substitution than in the more recent era of structural adjustment; and the recent economic performance of both latin america and sub-saharan africa -regions that truly embraced neoliberalism- has lagged well behind that of many asian economies, which have instead pursued judicial and unorthodox combinations of state intervention and economic openness. as scholars and policy makers reconstruct alternatives to the washington consensus it is important to underline that prudent and effective state intervention and selective integration with the global economy have been responsible for development success in the past and that they are also likely to remain the recipes for upward mobility in the global economy in the future.