LOS ENIGMAS DE RUSSELL, LA SOLUCIóN DE FREGE Y LA TEORíA CAUSAL DE LA REFERENCIA: UNA GUíA INTRODUCTORIA AL DEBATE CLáSICO DE LAS TEORíAS DEL SIGNIFICADO Y LA DENOTACIóN

according to russell, a theory of denotation is succesful if it is able to solve this three puzzles: i) identity in opaque contexts, ii) violation of the law of excluded middle and iii) true negative existential propositions. in this paper i will explain, first of all, why russell thinks that freges's theory cannot solve the puzzles. in order to do this, i will examine frege's theory. secondly, i will explore russell's solution, focusing on his description theory. finally, while stating kripke's and putnam's criticisims to frege and russell theories, i will also outline kripke's theory.