Let P be an odd integer and let N and
be the Wilson quotients of P and
. We prove that the integer cubic polynomial equation
, discovered inside the Wallis product for
and proven from Wilson’s theorem and the Gamma functional equation, holds identically in the rationals for every odd P, and that the points whose coordinates are fixed by the two factorial definitions are integral exactly at the odd twin prime pairs; the unrestricted integer lattice of the equation at a fixed station is, by contrast, infinite at every odd station (Section 6), so the twin correspondence is precisely a statement about the Wilson normalized points. We then develop the complete theory of its solution set: the composition theorem, by which the author’s sigma cascade dynamically generates every solution with multiplicity equal to basin gravity; the uniqueness theorem, giving a counting bijection between solutions and twin pairs; the full lattice of integer points on every station line, governed by a single universal congruence, the Quarter Law; the divisor transpose, identifying the pencil’s incidence geometry with the divisor structure of the progression
; the factorization of the twin condition into an integrality criterion and a divisibility criterion, shown to factorize Clement’s classical congruence; the class theorem, in which Jacobi’s two square identity counts the incidence classes and the Gaussian integers enter; the unit miss theorem, that the Wilson certificate
References
[1]
Wallis, J. (1656) Arithmetica Infinitorum. Leon Lichfield. English Translation: Stedall, J.A. (2004) The Arithmetic of Infinitesimals: John Wallis 1656. Springer.
[2]
Waring, E. (1770) Meditationes Algebraicae. Archdeacon. English Translation: Weeks, D. (1991) Meditationes Algebraicae: An English Translation of the Work of Edward Waring. American Mathematical Society.
[3]
Lagrange, J.L. (1771) Démonstration d’un théorème nouveau concernant les nombres premiers. Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Berlin, année 1771, 125-137. (Reprinted in ?uvres de Lagrange, 3, 425-438)
[4]
Legendre, A.M. (1811) Exercices de calcul intégral sur divers ordres de transcendantes et sur les quadratures, Vol. 1. Courcier.
[5]
Clement, P.A. (1949) Congruences for Sets of Primes. The American Mathematical Monthly, 56, 23-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/2305816
[6]
Brun, V. (1919) La série 1/5 + 1/7 + 1/11 + 1/13 + 1/17 + 1/19 + 1/29 + 1/31 + 1/41 + 1/43 + 1/59 + 1/61 + …, où les dénominateurs sont nombres premiers jumeaux est convergente ou finie. Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, 43, 100-104+124-128.
[7]
Hardy, G.H. and Littlewood, J.E. (1923) Some Problems of ‘Partitio Numerorum’; III: On the Expression of a Number as a Sum of Primes. Acta Mathematica, 44, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02403921
Chen, J.R. (1973) On the Representation of a Larger Even Integer as the Sum of a Prime and the Product of at Most Two Primes. Scientia Sinica, 16, 157-176.
[11]
Zhang, Y. (2014) Bounded Gaps between Primes. Annals of Mathematics, 179, 1121-1174. https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2014.179.3.7
[12]
Maynard, J. (2015) Small Gaps between Primes. Annals of Mathematics, 181, 383-413. https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2015.181.1.7
[13]
Dirichlet, P.G.L. (1863) Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie. English Translation: Stillwell, J. (1999) Lectures on Number Theory. History of Mathematics, Vol. 16. American Mathematical Society.