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海上风电对海洋生态的影响及其在水产养殖中的多模态融合技术应用
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Abstract:
随着全球能源结构向低碳转型加速以及粮食安全压力加剧，海上风电作为可持续海洋资源利用的重要途径，正迅速发展，且在替代化石能源、缓解气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。然而，海上风电在建设与运行过程中可能通过噪声扰动、栖息地变化以及人类活动增强等途径，对海洋生态系统特别是海洋生物产生深远影响；与此同时，水产养殖业向深远海拓展虽前景广阔，但在环境风险控制与智能化管理方面仍面临诸多挑战。因此，在“海洋强国”和“向海洋要食物”战略引领下，探索基于海上风电的深远海养殖融合模式，对提升海洋空间利用效率和实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本文首先综述了海上风电对海洋生物的多维生态影响，特别是风电设施对栖息地、物种多样性以及鱼类行为的影响，并探讨了多模态融合技术在水产养殖中的应用，重点讨论了如何通过这些技术监测海上风电项目对生态的影响。本研究创新性地结合了海上风电与水产养殖的协同发展，通过应用多模态融合技术，不仅为生态影响评估提供了新的视角，还推动了水产养殖的智能化与精细化管理。通过这种技术整合，我们能够更有效地实现海洋风电与水产养殖的协同发展，推动“能源–生态–养殖”一体化系统的建设，并总结了构建“能源–生态–养殖”一体化系统的关键实现路径。
With the accelerated global transition toward low-carbon energy structures and mounting pressures on food security, offshore wind power has rapidly emerged as a key direction for sustainable marine resource utilization. It plays a positive role in replacing fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. However, during construction and operation, offshore wind farms may exert complex and far-reaching impacts on marine ecosystems—particularly marine life—through noise disturbance, habitat alteration, and increased human activity. Concurrently, while the expansion of aquaculture into deep and distant waters holds promising prospects, it still faces numerous challenges in environmental risk control and intelligent management. Therefore, guided by the national strategies of “Maritime Power” and “Securing Food from the Ocean”, exploring integrated models of deep-sea aquaculture based on offshore wind power holds significant importance for enhancing the efficiency of marine space utilization and achieving sustainable development. This paper first reviews the multi dimensional ecological impacts of offshore wind power on marine organisms, especially the effects of wind power facilities on habitats, species diversity and fish behaviour, and discusses the applications of multimodal fusion technology in aquaculture, with a focus on how these technologies can be used to monitor the ecological impacts of offshore wind power projects. Innovatively, this study integrates the coordinated development of offshore wind power and aquaculture. By adopting multimodal fusion technology, it not only provides new perspectives for ecological impact assessment but also promotes intelligent and refined management of aquaculture. Such technological integration enables more effective coordinated development of offshore wind power and
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