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软颗粒湿粮饲料在河蟹育肥中的应用
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Abstract:
为替代河蟹育肥期传统冰鲜鱼投喂，本研究以棘头梅童鱼鱼浆为主要蛋白源，配伍三文鱼碎肉、鱿鱼膏、磷脂油等原料，设计了河蟹育肥软颗粒湿粮饲料配方，采用L9 (34)正交试验对鱼浆比例、粘合剂用量和TG酶添加量进行工艺优化，并通过池塘围网养殖试验比较了3种营养梯度配方与冰鲜鱼的育肥效果。结果表明：基础配方干基粗蛋白含量为53.3%、粗脂肪含量为9.98%；正交试验最优组合为鱼浆55% + 粘合剂13% + TG酶0.20% (A3B3C2)，其水中稳定性最优；养殖试验中，配方二(粗蛋白53%、粗脂肪9%)综合育肥效果最佳，雄蟹、雌蟹成活率均为85.00%，高于冰鲜鱼组(75.00%, 70.00%)，且雄蟹肝胰腺指数(7.01%)为各组最高。研究表明，软颗粒湿粮饲料诱食性好、水中稳定性佳，替代冰鲜鱼用于河蟹育肥可在保障生长性能的同时提高成活率、促进性腺发育，为河蟹育肥饲料的绿色替代提供了技术参考。
To replace the traditional chilled trash fish used in the fattening period of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), a soft pellet moist feed was formulated with minced fish paste of Collichthys lucidus as the main protein source, supplemented with salmon mince, squid paste and phospholipid oil. An L9 (34) orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the proportions of fish paste, binder and transglutaminase (TG enzyme), and a pond enclosure trial was carried out to compare three nutrient-gradient formulas with chilled trash fish. The basal formula contained 53.3% crude protein and 9.98% crude lipid on a dry matter basis. The optimal combination was 55% fish paste + 13% binder + 0.20% TG enzyme (A3B3C2), showing the best water stability. In the culture trial, Formula II (53% crude protein, 9% crude lipid) achieved the best comprehensive performance: the survival rates of male and female crabs were both 85.00%, higher than those of the chilled trash fish group (75.00% and 70.00%), and the hepatosomatic index of males (7.01%) was the highest among all groups. The results indicate that the soft pellet moist feed, with good palatability and water stability, can replace chilled trash fish for crab fattening, improving survival and promoting gonadal development while maintaining growth performance, thus providing technical support for the green substitution of fattening feeds for Chinese mitten crab.
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