思考21世纪百项挑战–面对核心气候物理与环境需要
Contemplating 100 Challenges of the 21^st Century - Addressing Core Climate Physics and Environmental Needs

气候与能源体系是维系人类存续、支撑现代文明运转的底层基础。全球各类气候物理环境风险持续加剧，直接动摇地球宜居性根基。本文以影响重大性、危机紧迫性、问题可解决性三大维度为评判标准，对21世纪最突出的一百项气候物理环境挑战划分优先级，所有应对方案均遵循SMART行动准则——具体性、可衡量性、可实现性、相关性、时限性。同时，结合《大英百科全书》式完整的地球生态碳循环体系框架，系统梳理能源–气候耦合脱碳等智慧，应对极端气候，为全球气候治理、低碳转型与生态修复提供科学依据。
The climate and energy system forms the foundational basis for sustaining human existence and supporting the operation of modern civilization. Various global climate physics and environmental risks are continuously intensifying, directly undermining the habitability of the earth. This paper employs three dimensions—significance of impact, urgency of crisis, and solvability—as evaluation criteria to prioritize the one hundred most prominent climate physics and environmental challenges of the 21^st century. All proposed response strategies adhere to the SMART action criteria—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Meanwhile incorporating a comprehensive carbon？cycle model (like Britannica’s exhibits), this paper systematically reviews strategies such as energy climate coupled decarbonization to address extreme weather events, providing a scientific basis for global climate governance, low-carbon transition, and ecological restoration.