禁食后不同品种鲫鱼肌肉营养成分比较
Muscle Proximate Composition of Fasted Crucian Carp Varieties: A Comparison

为满足人们对鱼类肌肉品质的高要求，短期禁食逐渐成为改善养殖鱼类肌肉品质的主要手段之一，衍生出“瘦身鱼”等新型养殖方式。为探究不同品种在短期禁食对鲫鱼肌肉常规营养组分的影响，本研究选取异育银鲫“中科3号”、鲫为实验材料，分别设置正常投喂对照组与禁食处理组(14 d)，测定并对比各组肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量。结果表明：禁食前，肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分及粗蛋白含量均无显著性差异；经过短期禁食后，肌肉的粗脂肪与粗灰分含量均显著降低，仅异育银鲫的粗蛋白含量显著降低。短期禁食可降低两种鲫鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量，调节肌肉矿物质相对占比，优化鱼肉营养构成，研究结果以期为生态养殖模式下鲫肉质品质定向调控提供理论支撑。
To meet the increasing demand for high-quality fish muscle, short-term fasting has emerged as a primary strategy to improve muscle quality in farmed fish, leading to novel rearing practices such as “slimming fish”. This study investigated the effects of short-term fasting on the proximate nutrient composition of muscle in two crucian carp varieties, Carassius auratus gibelio “CAS, III” and Carassius auratus. Fish were assigned to a control group (normal feeding) and a treatment group (14-day fasting), and the muscle crude protein, crude lipid, and ash content were measured and compared. No significant differences were observed in any parameter prior to fasting. After fasting, both crude lipid and ash content decreased significantly in both varieties, whereas crude protein content decreased significantly only in C. gibelio. Short-term fasting effectively reduced muscle lipid content, modulated the relative proportion of minerals, and optimized the nutritional profile of fish muscle. These findings provide theoretical support for the targeted regulation of muscle quality in crucian carp in ecological aquaculture systems.