天津地区凡纳滨对虾种质资源评价与研究
Evaluation and Research on Germplasm Resources of Litopenaeus vannamei in Tianjin Region

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是天津地区水产养殖的主导品种，但长期养殖导致种质退化、生长缓慢、病害频发等问题日益突出。本文基于天津地区凡纳滨对虾种质资源评价的最新研究进展，系统分析了不同群体的遗传多样性、生长性能及抗病性状。通过对土苗、科海、日夜快、海兴农2号等群体的遗传参数比较和攻毒试验数据表明，天津地区凡纳滨对虾群体间存在显著的遗传分化，体长与体质量的相关系数高达0.972~0.982。海兴农2号表现出优异的生长性能，日增重率达32.51%，显著高于普通土苗的24.10%。本研究为天津地区凡纳滨对虾种质资源的精准鉴定和良种选育提供了理论依据和数据支持。
Litopenaeus vannamei is the dominant species in aquaculture in the Tianjin region, but long-term cultivation has led to increasingly prominent problems such as germplasm degradation, slow growth, and frequent disease outbreaks. Based on the latest research progress in the evaluation of Litopenaeus vannamei germplasm resources in Tianjin, this paper systematically analyzes the genetic diversity, growth performance, and disease resistance traits of different populations. Through the comparison of genetic parameters and challenge test data of populations including local stock, Kehai, Riyukuai, and Haixingnong No. 2, the results indicate significant genetic differentiation among Litopenaeus vannamei populations in Tianjin, with correlation coefficients between body length and body weight reaching as high as 0.972~0.982. Haixingnong No. 2 exhibited excellent growth performance, with a daily weight gain rate of 32.51%, significantly higher than the 24.10% of the common local stock. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the precise identification and genetic improvement of Litopenaeus vannamei germplasm resources in the Tianjin region.