Actinotignum schaalii is a pathogen that has been generally associated with urinary tract infections. Here we report a finding of A. schaalii found in a specimen from the drainage of a neck abscess in a 49-year-old male who was initially seen for a post-surgical follow-up visit for a surgical procedure on his foot. A gram-positive bacteria was isolated from drainage taken from the neck abscess and then characterized by Bruker MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. As is consistent with other reports, this fastidious bacteria was an unexpected finding and was likely a causative pathogen that could have been missed using traditional microbiology laboratory testing procedures not incorporating the Bruker MALDI-TOF.
References
[1]
Lawson, P.A., Falsen, E., Akervall, E., Vandamme, P. and Collins, M.D. (1997) Characterization of Some Actinomyces-Like Isolates from Human Clinical Specimens: Reclassification of Actinomyces suis (Soltys and Spratling) as Actinobaculum suis Comb. Nov. and Description of Actinobaculum schaalii Sp. Nov. InternationalJournalofSystematicBacteriology, 47, 899-903. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-899
[2]
Cattoir, V. (2012) Actinobaculum schaalii: Review of an Emerging Uropathogen. JournalofInfection, 64, 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.12.009
[3]
Beguelin, C., Genne, D., Varca, A., Tritten, M.L., Siegrist, H.H., Jaton, K., et al. (2011) Actinobaculum schaalii: Clinical Observation of 20 Cases. ClinicalMicrobiologyandInfection, 17, 1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03370.x
[4]
Olsen, A.B., Andersen, P.K., Bank, S., S?by, K.M., Lund, L. and Prag, J. (2013) Actinobaculumschaalii, a Commensal of the Urogenital Area. BJUInternational, 112, 394-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11739.x
[5]
Tschudin-Sutter, S., Frei, R., Weisser, M., Goldenberger, D. and Widmer, A.F. (2011) Actinobaculumschaalii—Invasive Pathogen or Innocent Bystander? A Retrospective Observational Study. BMCInfectiousDiseases, 11, Article No. 289. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-289
[6]
Bank, S., S?by, K.M., Kristensen, L.H., Voldstedlund, M. and Prag, J. (2015) A Validation of the Danish Microbiology Database (Miba) and Incidence Rate of Actinotignum schaalii (Actinobaculum schaalii) Bacteraemia in Denmark. ClinicalMicrobiologyandInfection, 21, 1097.e1-1097.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.08.006
[7]
Tuuminen, T., Suomala, P. and Harju, I. (2014) Actinobaculum schaalii: Identification with MALDI-TOF. NewMicrobesandNewInfections, 2, 38-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/2052-2975.32
[8]
Lotte, R., Lotte, L. and Ruimy, R. (2016) Actinotignum schaalii (Formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): A Newly Recognized Pathogen—Review of the Literature. ClinicalMicrobiologyandInfection, 22, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038
[9]
Prigent, G., Perillaud, C., Amara, M., Coutard, A., Blanc, C. and Pangon, B. (2016) Actinobaculum schaalii: A Truly Emerging Pathogen? NewMicrobesandNewInfections, 11, 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2015.10.012
[10]
Lieu, A., Mah, J., Peirano, G., Somayaji, R. and Church, D. (2022) Microbiological Characterization of Actinotignum schaalii Strains Causing Invasive Infections during a Multiyear Period in a Large Canadian Health Care Region. MicrobiologySpectrum, 10, e03442-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03442-22
[11]
Ioannou, P., Karakonstantis, S., Tavlas, E., Kontopodis, N., Maraki, S., Chamilos, G., et al. (2022) Actinotignum schaalii Infection—A Case Series from a Tertiary Hospital in Greece. Germs, 12, 394-399. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1343
[12]
Reinhard, M., Prag, J., Kemp, M., Andresen, K., Klemmensen, B., H?jlyng, N., et al. (2005) Ten Cases of Actinobaculum schaalii Infection: Clinical Relevance, Bacterial Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility. JournalofClinicalMicrobiology, 43, 5305-5308. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.43.10.5305-5308.2005
[13]
Bank, S., Hansen, T.M., S?by, K.M., Lund, L. and Prag, J. (2011) Actinobaculum schaalii in Urological Patients, Screened with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. ScandinavianJournalofUrologyandNephrology, 45, 406-410. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.599333
[14]
Nielsen, H.L., S?by, K.M., Christensen, J.J. and Prag, J. (2009) Actinobaculum schaalii: A Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infection in the Elderly Population. Bacteriological and Clinical Characteristics. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 42, 43-47. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365540903289662
[15]
Felice, V., Scutellà, M. and Lombardi, S. (2015) Actinobaculum shaalii: A New Uropathogen? Microbiologia Medica, 30, Article 4801. https://doi.org/10.4081/mm.2015.4801
[16]
Tena, D., Fernández, C., Lago, M.R., Arias, M., Medina, M.J. and Sáez-Nieto, J.A. (2014) Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Caused by Actinobaculum schaalii: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Anaerobe, 28, 95-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.009
[17]
Panganiban, C.M. and Gupta, S. (2020) Actinotignum schaalii Abscess in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Pathogens, 9, Article 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060494
[18]
Kus, N.J., Kim, B.J. and Ross, H.M. (2019) A Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis with Growth of Actinomyces europaeus and Actinotignum schaalii. JournalofSurgicalCaseReports, 2019, rjz286. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjz286
[19]
Haller, P., Bruderer, T., Schaeren, S., Laifer, G., Frei, R., Battegay, M., et al. (2007) Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused by Actinobaculum schaalii: A Difficult-to-Diagnose and Potentially Invasive Uropathogen. EuropeanJournalofClinicalMicrobiology&InfectiousDiseases, 26, 667-670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-007-0345-x
[20]
Vanden Bempt, I., Van Trappen, S., Cleenwerck, I., De Vos, P., Camps, K., Celens, A., et al. (2011) Actinobaculum schaalii Causing Fournier’s Gangrene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49, 2369-2371. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00272-11
[21]
Sahuquillo-Arce, J.M., Suárez-Urquiza, P., Hernández-Cabezas, A., Tofan, L., Chouman-Arcas, R., García-Hita, M., et al. (2024) Actinotignum schaalii Infection: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment. Heliyon, 10, e28589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28589