Background: College basketball is an intense sport that demands athletes to possess excellent explosive power, multi-directional agility, and high-intensity metabolic endurance. Common physical training programs often lead to a plateau during a long season. The TRX (Total Resistance Exercise) system offers an alternative. A comprehensive TRX system integrates suspension straps with plyometric boxes, agility ladders, resistance bands, and battle ropes. However, at present, there is a lack of sufficient long-term empirical data to enable an effective comparison between this complex system and conventional basketball training. Methods: Sixty male college basketball players were allocated randomly into a TRX training group (TTG, n = 30) or a conventional control training group (CTG, n = 30). Both groups participated in a 12-week program. The TTG used the complete TRX system, whereas the CTG carried out regular weight lifting and running on the court. The researchers assessed 11 physical performance parameters prior to and after the program. Results: After 12 weeks, the TTG showed considerable progress in all 11 evaluation indices (p < 0.05). However, the CTG experienced a decrease in linear sprint speed, dynamic balance, and maximum vertical jump height (p < 0.05). The Time × Group interaction effect demonstrated that the TTG had better functional agility, speed, and comprehensive court fitness changes. Conclusion: A 12-week complete TRX exercise program is more effective than conventional techniques in improving the physical ability of college basketball players. Coaches ought to incorporate this multisource system to avoid a reduction in speed and interruption of agility.
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