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基于纳米材料的比色侧向层析试纸条信号放大策略
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Abstract:
比色侧向层析测定(Colorimetric Lateral Flow Assay, CLFA)因具有操作简便、检测快速、成本低廉及无需复杂仪器等优势，已广泛应用于疾病诊断、食品安全和环境监测等现场即时检测领域。然而，传统基于胶体金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)的CLFA受限于信号强度不足，难以满足痕量分析物和早期生物标志物检测的需求。近年来，基于纳米材料的信号放大策略为提升CLFA灵敏度提供了重要途径。其中，一方面可通过优化AuNPs的尺寸、聚集状态及载体负载方式增强局域表面等离子体共振效应；另一方面，可利用具有类酶催化活性的纳米酶催化显色底物，实现高效信号放大。本文系统综述了近年来纳米材料增强CLFA的主要研究进展，重点介绍了AuNPs尺寸调控、聚集增强及载体负载策略，并进一步总结了贵金属纳米酶、金属有机框架(MOF)基纳米酶、金属氧化物纳米酶及其他复合纳米酶在催化放大中的应用特点与机制。同时，对不同类型纳米酶的性能差异、适用场景及发展潜力进行了综合比较。最后，对高灵敏度、低成本、多功能一体化CLFA的发展趋势及其临床转化前景进行了展望。
Colorimetric lateral flow assay (CLFA) has been widely applied in point-of-care testing owing to its simplicity, rapid response, low cost, and instrument-free operation. However, conventional colloidal gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based CLFA suffers from insufficient signal intensity, which limits its applicability in trace-level analyte detection and early disease diagnosis. In recent years, nanomaterial-based signal amplification strategies have provided effective approaches to improve the sensitivity of CLFA. On one hand, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect can be enhanced through optimization of AuNP size, aggregation state, and carrier loading strategies. On the other hand, nanozymes with enzyme-like catalytic activities can catalyze chromogenic substrates to achieve significant signal amplification. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in nanomaterial-enhanced CLFA, with emphasis on AuNP size regulation, aggregation amplification, and carrier-assisted strategies. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanisms and application characteristics of noble metal nanozymes, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes, metal oxide nanozymes, and other composite nanozymes are comprehensively discussed. Comparative analyses of different nanozyme systems in terms of catalytic performance, cost, stability, and application scenarios are also presented. Finally, the future perspectives of highly sensitive, low-cost, and multifunctionally integrated CLFA platforms for clinical and on-site applications are discussed.
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