Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Delay in Patient Referral to the Cardiology Department at CHU Ignace Deen in 2025

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 17.9 million deaths in 2019, with 85% due to myocardial infarction and stroke [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 30% - 40% among adults, compared to 22% in developed countries [2]. In Guinea, limited health infrastructure and a low density of medical staff contribute to delays in patient referral to specialized cardiology services. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors influencing referral delays to the cardiology department of Ignace Deen University Hospital in Conakry. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 6 months, involving newly referred patients to the cardiology department and healthcare professionals responsible for referrals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Variables studied included socio-demographic characteristics, socio-economic barriers, logistical constraints, and institutional factors. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Pearson correlations, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: A total of 111 patients were included, with a slight female predominance (52%). The majority were aged over 45 years (74%) and 35% were non-schooled. Financial constraints (53%) and lack of awareness (52%) were the main reasons for delayed consultation. Distance to the hospital was significantly associated with cardiovascular complications (p < 0.001), while the availability of medical staff influenced health outcomes (p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis confirmed that socio-economic status, distance, and institutional barriers were predictive factors of referral delay. Conclusion: Referral delays in cardiology at Ignace Deen are multifactorial, driven by socio-economic, cultural, logistical, and institutional barriers. These delays contribute to worsening health outcomes and increased complications. Strengthening community awareness, reducing financial barriers, decentralizing cardiology services, and standardizing referral protocols are essential strategies to improve timely access to specialized care in Guinea.