The research was conducted to investigate the bioactive components and nutritional values of three medicinal herbs: moringa (Moringa oleifera), pineapple waste (Ananas comosus), and plantain (Plantago lanceolata), subjected to three drying methods: sun drying, shade drying, and freeze drying. The research aimed to identify the most effective drying technique for preserving specific bioactive components in these herbs. The experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh and the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute in Savar. The herb’s proximate components were determined. The total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the herbs were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. The specific bioactive compounds from each herb, moringa: kaempferol and myricetin; pineapple waste: gallic acid and catechin; and plantain: aucubin and acteoside, were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, the herb’s 24-hour in vitro gas production was also determined in ruminants. The herb’s moisture, ether extract, and ash contents differed significantly (P < 0.05) across the drying methods, with freeze-drying yielding the most favorable results. Higher (P < 0.05) amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were detected in freeze-dried samples compared to those dried in shade and sun. The particular bioactive components in herbs were significantly (P < 0.05) more in freeze drying compared to shade and sun drying procedures. The freeze-dried herbs showed better in vitro GP24 production, dOM, and ME compared to the others. It can be concluded that freeze-drying is a more effective method for preserving herbs compared to the other two methods for supplementing ruminant diet.
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