Aim/Objective: Occupational exposure to environmental pollutants poses significant health risks, particularly for street cleaners who are routinely exposed to dust, vehicle emissions, and other contaminants. This aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological and haemorrheological changes among street cleaners in selected environs of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 100 participants, comprising 50 street cleaners and 50 age- and gender-matched controls, were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. Sociodemographic and occupational data were obtained via structured questionnaires. Venous blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions for analysis of complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and plasma fibrinogen concentration using automation, Westergren method and Clauss method respectively. Results: Findings indicated that street cleaners in Benin City were slightly older (35.84 ± 8.09 years) than controls (33.84 ± 4.21 years), with a predominance of males in both groups (88.0% vs. 80.0%). Most street cleaners had 1 - 5 years of work experience and worked 4 - 8 hours per day, 3 - 5 days per week. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) varied, with only 36.0% always using PPE, although all participants had access to water and soap for hand hygiene. Haematological analysis revealed no significant difference between WBC counts in street cleaners (5.25 ± 0.18 × 103/μL) and control (5.37 ± 0.19 × 103/μL) (p < 0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly lower in street cleaners (3.92 ± 0.07 × 1012/L) relative to controls (5.26 ± 0.08 × 1012/L, p < 0.001). Haemoglobin (HGB) levels were also reduced in street cleaners (11.45 ± 0.17 g/dL) than control (13.80 ± 0.26 g/dL) (p < 0.001). Red cell indices, including MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW, were significantly higher in street cleaners, whereas platelet counts and mean platelet volume (MPV) were lower. ESR levels were significantly higher among street cleaners (17.92 ± 1.50 mm/hr) compared to controls (5.78 ± 0.51 mm/hr) (p < 0.001), and fibrinogen concentrations were also elevated in street cleaners (460.68 ± 14.88 mg/dL) relative to controls (286.88 ± 6.83 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that fibrinogen and ESR had strong negative correlation with RBC, HGB, and HCT (p < 0.05). However, ESR and fibrinogen were strongly positively correlated with each other. Conclusion: Street cleaning in Benin City is associated with significant hematological
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