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基于驻极体发电机与能量管理电路的自供电液晶智能窗
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Abstract:
针对微纳发电机驱动液晶智能窗时存在阻抗不匹配、能量传输效率低以及大面积负载驱动困难等问题，本文基于阻抗匹配原理，提出了一种由动态拓扑重构能量管理电路驱动的高面积比自供电液晶智能窗系统。该系统以驻极体发电机(Electret nanogenerator, ENG)为能量输入单元，以扭曲向列相(Twisted nematic, TN)液晶智能窗为调光负载，并通过由电容–二极管单开关组成的管理电路实现子电容单元连接状态的动态重构，从而匹配发电端与液晶窗负载之间的阻抗关系。实验结果表明，在1 Hz机械激励下，ENG的输出峰值功率达到357.98 μW；经由包含35个子电容单元的能量管理电路调制后，系统转移电荷量提高至4.51 μC。基于该阻抗匹配策略，仅采用有效面积为25 cm2的ENG，即可在4 s内驱动面积为1116 cm2的TN型液晶智能窗，驱动面积比达到1:45。同时，智能窗表现出良好的电光调制性能，其对比度为669:1，可见光调制率为40.09%，响应时间达到毫秒级，并在长期循环测试中保持稳定工作。本研究有效突破了自供电智能窗的面积限制，为零能耗绿色建筑的动态采光控制与隐私保护提供了可靠的工程方案。
To address the impedance mismatch, low energy transfer efficiency, and difficulty in driving large-area loads encountered when micro/nano generators are used to power liquid crystal smart windows, this study proposes a high-area-ratio self-powered liquid crystal smart window system driven by a dynamically reconfigurable energy management circuit based on impedance matching. The system employs an electret nanogenerator (ENG) as the energy input unit and a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal smart window as the optical modulation load. A capacitor-diode-single-switch management circuit is introduced to dynamically reconfigure the connection states of the sub-capacitor units, thereby matching the impedance between the power generation unit and the liquid crystal window load. Experimental results show that, under 1 Hz mechanical excitation, the ENG achieves a peak output power of 357.98 μW. After modulation by the energy management circuit containing 35 sub-capacitor units, the transferred charge of the system increases to 4.51 μC. Based on this impedance matching strategy, an ENG with an effective area of only 25 cm2 can drive a TN liquid crystal smart window with an area of 1116 cm2 within 4 s, corresponding to a driving area ratio of 1:45. In addition, the smart window exhibits favorable electro-optical modulation performance, with a contrast ratio of 669:1, a visible-light modulation of 40.09%, a millisecond-level response time, and stable operation during long-term cycling tests. This study effectively overcomes the area limitation of self-powered smart windows and provides a viable engineering approach for dynamic daylight control and privacy protection in zero-energy green buildings.
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